考虑步兵头盔动作适应性的颈部生物力学分析及优化

Biomechanical analysis and optimization of neck adaptation in infantry helmet movement

针对步兵在佩戴头盔下不同头部动作的适应性问题,建立头部动态“头—颈—盔”肌骨模型,研究头部不同运动下颈部肌群和关节受力特性,获得不同运动下盔上装备位置对颈部肌肉的影响规律。采用多目标粒子群算法,以动态下颈部肌群最大激活度为优化目标,进行盔上装备位置优化,获得盔上装备较优位置。结果表明:与头部中立位相比,上仰30°时颈部最大肌肉激活度增加1551.21%,侧弯40°时增加885.42%,旋转40°时增加35.23%;上仰和旋转中T1C7椎间压力最大,与头部中立位相比,T1C7椎间压力在上仰30°时增加357.98%,旋转40°时增加10.71%;侧弯运动中C1C0和T1C7椎间剪切力最大,且大小相同、方向相反,侧弯40°时最大剪切力为104.71 N;多动作适应下盔上装备质心位置较优范围为(0.0017~0.0489 m,0.06~0.08 m,-0.08~0.08 m)。

To address the adaptability issues related to different head movements of infantry soldiers wearing helmets,a head-neck-helmet musculoskeletal model was established,considering movements such as flexion,lateral bending,and rotation.The model’s accuracy was verified through surface electromyography experiments.The study examined the muscle activation and intervertebral joint force characteristics of neck muscles during various head movements,analyzing the impact of helmet-mounted equipment positions on neck muscle activation changes during different motions.Utilizing a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm,the helmet-mounted equipment position was optimized using the minimal maximal muscle activation of the neck muscles under three head movements as optimization objectives,enhancing the helmet’s adaptability for diverse combat tasks.The study yielded the following findings:compared to the neutral head position,neck muscle activation significantly increased by 1551.21%during 30°of neck extension,885.42%during 40°of lateral bending,and 35.23%during 40°of rotation.Maximum intervertebral pressure at the T1C7 junction was observed during neck extension and rotation.In comparison to the neutral head position,intervertebral pressure at T1C7 increased by 357.98%during 30°of neck extension and by 10.71%during 40°of rotation.During lateral bending,the largest intervertebral shear forces occurred at the C1C0 and T1C7 segments,exhibiting identical magnitudes but opposing directions.In comparison to the neutral position,the maximum shear force during 40°of lateral bending increased from nearly 0 N to 104.71 N.For multi-movement adaptation,the optimal range of the helmet-mounted equipment center of mass position was found to be(0.0017~0.0489 m,0.06~0.08 m,-0.08~0.08 m).