苦瓜品质性状主基因+多基因混合遗传效应分析

Analysis of mixed genetic effects of major gene+polygene on quality traits of bitter gourd

开展苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.)干物质含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和硝酸盐含量的品质性状研究,分析其遗传机制。以苦瓜雌性系Z-1-4为母本,优质苦瓜高世代自交系2538、5325和5321为父本,构建3个组合的4个世代[P_(1)(亲本)、P_(2)、F_(1)、F_(2)]遗传群体,并结合主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对苦瓜干物质含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和硝酸盐含量进行遗传及相关分析。结果表明,苦瓜干物质含量最适遗传模型为等加性主基因加性+多基因模型,且遗传率较高;苦瓜可溶性蛋白质含量最适遗传模型为负向完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型,遗传率较低,适合在早期世代进行遗传选择。商品瓜硝酸盐含量最适遗传模型为2对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型,遗传率也较低。可溶性蛋白质与硝酸盐的遗传率均相对不高,适合在高世代进行表型选择。

The quality characters of dry matter content,soluble protein content and nitrate content of bitter gourd(Momordica charantia L.)were studied and their genetic mechanism was analyzed.With the female line Z-1-4 as the maternal parent and the high quality inbred lines 2538,5325 and 5321 as the paternity,the genetic population of 4 generations[P_(1)(parental),P_(2),F_(1),F_(2)]of 3 combinations was constructed.The genetic and correlation analysis of dry matter content,soluble protein content and nitrate content of bitter gourd was carried out by combining the mixed genetic model of major gene and polygene.The results showed that the optimal genetic model for dry matter content of commercial bitter gourd was the equal additive major gene additive+polygene model,and the heritability was high.The optimal genetic model for soluble protein content in commercial bitter gourd was the negative completely dominant major gene+additive-dominant polygene model with low heritability,which was suitable for genetic selection in early generations.The optimal genetic model for nitrate content in commercial bitter gourd was 2 pairs of additive-dominant major gene+additive-dominant polygene model,and the heritability was also low.The heritability of soluble protein and nitrate was relatively low,which was suitable for phenotypic selection in high generation.