18个龙眼茶无性系在闽东生长结实性状变异分析及综合评价

Variation Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Growth and Fruiting Traits of 18 Camellia meiocarpa Clones in Eastern Fujian

对18个龙眼茶无性系2019-2022年4个年度的生长、结实性状进行分析,结果表明:树高、地径、冠幅、产果量、冠幅单位面积产果量等5个指标极值变动幅度大,具有较大的变异系数,各性状变异规律为单株产量≈冠幅产果量>冠幅>地径>树高。5个指标无论在年度间还是无性系间均达到极显著差异水平,冠幅、产果量、冠幅单位面积产果量的年度和无性系交互作用均达显著性水平,龙眼茶无性系之间存在较大的遗传差异,年份会影响到龙眼茶的结实产量。相关性分析表明,产量与树高相关性不显著,与地径显著相关,与冠幅、冠幅单位面积产果量极显著相关。选取产果量、冠幅单位面积产果量、冠幅、地径等4个指标对18个无性系进行评价,选出C22、C23、C43、C30、C51、C19等6个表现比较优秀的无性系,其年度间生长、结实情况表现比较稳定,可作为今后油茶良种选育的重要材料。

An analysis was conducted on the growth and fruiting traits of 18 Camellia meiocarpa clones for four years from 2019 to 2022.The results showed that the five indexes of tree height,ground diameter,crown width,fruit yield,and fruit yield per unit area of crown width had large variation range and large coefficient of variation.The five indexes reached the extremely significant difference level between both years and clones,and the annual and clonal interactions of crown width,fruit yield and fruit yield per unit area of crown width reached significant levels.There was a larger genetic difference among clones of Camellia meiocarpa,and the year would affect the fruit yield of Camellia meiocarpa.Correlation analysis showed that yield had no significant correlation with tree height,but a significant correlation with ground diameter,and a highly significant correlation with crown width and fruit yield per unit area of crown width.Four indicators,including fruit yield,fruit yield per unit area of crown width,crown width and ground diameter,were selected to evaluate 18 clones.Six excellent clones,including C22,C23,C43,C30,C51 and C19,were selected.Their annual growth and fruiting performance were relatively stable,and they could be used as important materials for breeding superior varieties of Camellia oleifera in the future.