师范生生成式人工智能教育应用认知与理念:现状、问题及对策

Preservice Teachers’Knowledge and Beliefs of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education:The Status,Issues,and Strategies

智能教育是教育数字化转型的重要路径之一,对未来教师素养提出了新要求。为把握师范生智能教育素养发展情况,形成培养对策,基于对国内外相关理论和成果的深入分析,以智能教育素养理论和行为预测综合模型为分析框架,编制调查问卷,选取广东省高校师范生为样本,剖析师范生对生成式人工智能教育应用的认知与理念。结果表明:师范生对生成式人工智能教育应用持积极态度,认为其可以较好地提高师范学习和教学的绩效,且应用行为意向较高,愿意将生成式人工智能用于学习与师范技能提升,这种积极的态度存在于不同性别、不同专业、不同年级的师范生群体中;师范生对生成式人工智能教育应用的认知不足、自我效能感偏低,这和高校缺乏相关课程与学习资源、教育应用路径不明晰有关;师范生普遍认同生成式人工智能教育应用存在技术与使用规范问题。在此基础上,针对师范生生成式人工智能教育应用认知与理念提升,提出丰富相关课程与培训、改善产品教育易用性和有用性、促进技术迭代与法规完善等对策。

The integration and innovation of artificial intelligence in education are essential approaches for the digital transformation of education,which presents new requirements on future teachers’competencies.To obtain actionable insights of preservice teachers’intelligent education literacy,this study has developed a questionnaire based on an in-depth analysis of relevant theories and findings.The questionnaire was administrated to a randomly selected sample of preservice teachers from universities in Guangdong Province to analyze their knowledge and beliefs towards generative artificial intelligence(GenAI)in education.The results indicated that preservice teachers held high expectation for the application of GenAI in education:they had a positive attitude,believed that GenAI could effectively improve the performance of their learning and teaching,and were willing to use GenAI in their study.However,preservice teachers were hesitant to the application of GenAI in education.They lacked knowledge about GenAI and its educational applications,and their self-efficacy in applying GenAI in learning and teaching was low.The cause was related to the lack of relevant courses and training in teacher education institutions and the lack of operational guidelines of applying GenAI in education.In addition,most preservice teachers thought that there were technological and legal issues in the application of GenAI in education.Based on the findings,this paper proposes three approaches to enhance the cultivation of preservice teachers intelligent education literacy:developing courses about GenAI for preservice teachers,promoting the development and implementation of GenAI educational applications,and facilitating the iteration of GenAI technologies and the improvement of regulations.