面向计算思维培养的儿童编程教育研究综述

Review of Children Programming Education Based on Computational Thinking

编程教育作为儿童计算思维培养的重要手段受到广泛关注,采用系统综述法,以计算思维三维框架为参照,对2013—2023年国内外40项实证案例进行分析,探究当前编程教育侧重培养儿童计算思维的哪些方面、采用哪些编程工具、教学方法、评价方法等,从现状中找到不足,以明确未来儿童编程教育的发展方向。结果表明,现有儿童编程教育对计算思维的内容培养不够全面;对编程工具使用效果关注较多,缺少对工具适宜性的研究;教学方法强调技术支持,缺少对师生互动的关注;评价方法种类繁多,但评价内容不完整,方法有待优化。建议未来的研究要进一步深化对计算思维内容框架的系统认知,选择符合儿童认知规律的编程工具,探索激发儿童学习动力的教学方法,构建基于理论框架的评价体系。

Programming education,as an important means of cultivating children’s computational thinking,has attracted wide attention.Using the Systematic review method and the three-dimensional framework of computational thinking as a reference to analyze 40 empirical cases at home and abroad from 2010 to 2023,explore what aspects of current programming education focus on cultivating children’s computational thinking,what programming tools,teaching methods and evaluation methods are used to identify shortcomings from the current situation to clarify the future direction of children’s programming education.The results indicate that the existing children programming education on the content of computational thinking is not comprehensive enough;more attention is paid to the use effect of programming tools,and there is a lack of research on the suitability of tools.The teaching method emphasizes the technical support and lacks the attention to the teacher-student interaction;there are many kinds of evaluation methods,but the evaluation content is not complete,the method needs to be optimized.It is suggested that future research should further deepen the systematic cognition of the content framework of computational thinking,select programming tools that conform to children’s cognitive rules,explore teaching methods that stimulate children’s learning motivation,and build an evaluation system based on the theoretical framework.