磁场作用下高温合金增材制造技术的研究进展

Research Progress in Additive Manufacturing Technology of Superalloy under Magnetic Field

相比传统的高温合金加工过程,高温合金增材制造具有生产周期短、材料利用率高等优势,但仍存在一些问题和瓶颈阻碍着该技术的发展。例如,在成形过程中难以避免的气孔和裂纹缺陷、材料性能各向异性明显等诸多问题。新兴的磁场辅助增材制造技术凭借磁场的无接触式控制特点,可以影响熔池对流和凝固动力学,改变材料凝固组织,并优化材料的力学性能。介绍了磁场对金属凝固过程熔体流动和组织凝固的影响机制,具体综述了磁场在高温合金增材制造方面的研究进展,分析了磁场对缺陷、微观凝固组织及力学性能的影响效果。

Compared with the traditional processing of superalloys,additive manufacturing of superalloys has the advantages of short production cycle and high material utilization.However,there are still some problems and bottlenecks that hinder the development of additive manufacturing of superalloys.For example,it is difficult to avoid porosity and crack defects in the forming process,and the anisotropy of material properties is obvious.The emerging magnetic field-assisted additive manufacturing technology can affect the convection and solidification kinetics of the molten pool,change the solidification structure of the material,and optimize the mechanical properties of the material by virtue of the non-contact control characteristics of the magnetic field.Therefore,this paper introduces the influence mechanism of magnetic field on melt flow and microstructure solidification during metal solidification.The research progress of magnetic field on additive manufacturing of superalloys is reviewed in detail.The effects of magnetic field on defects,microstructure and mechanical properties are analyzed.