上海市浦东新区地表水中17种全氟烷基酸污染水平及其生态风险熵

Pollution and Ecological Risk Quotient of 17 Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Surface Water of Pudong New District in Shanghai

建立了直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中17种全氟烷基酸(PFAAs)的分析方法,避免了水样的前处理,实现了水体中PFAAs的快速分析。在上海市浦东新区设置了32个地表水采样点位,对17种典型PFAAs的污染水平和潜在生态风险进行了研究。结果表明,32个地表水点位全部有PFAAs检出,各点位PFAAs总浓度为37.07~154.43 ng·L^(-1)。17种目标PFAAs中,有13种PFAAs在浦东地表水中均有不同程度检出。全氟辛酸(PFOA)是水体中最主要的污染物,检出率100%,浓度范围7.73~67.25 ng·L^(-1)。主成分分析结果表明,浦东地表水中PFAAs的污染主要源于C4~C10短链PFAAs。采用风险熵的方法对浦东地表水PFAAs的生态风险进行了评价,结果显示PFOA具有中等生态风险,可能对相应的敏感性生物构成威胁。其余PFAAs单体的生态风险都较低,但仍需警惕综合风险。

This study established an analytical method for the determination of 17 perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)in water using direct injection and high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to avoid sample pre-treatment for fast PFAAs analysis.The pollution and potential ecological risks of 17 typical PFAAs in 32 surface water sampling points were evaluated in Pudong New District,Shanghai.The results showed that PFAAs were detected in all 32 surface water sites,and the concentrations were 37.07~154.43 ng·L^(-1).Among the 17 PFAAs,13 PFAAs were detected in the Pudong surface water.Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)was one of the predominant pollutants,with a detection rate of 100%and a concentration of 7.73~67.25 ng·L^(-1).The principal component analysis indicated that the PFAAs pollution in surface water was mainly caused by short chain PFAAs with 4~10 carbons.The risk quotient method demonstrated that PFOA had moderate ecological risks and might pose a threat to corresponding sensitive organisms.Although the PFAAs monomers presented low ecological risk,comprehensive risk precaution remain critical.