保育猪福利问题、异常行为及其改善措施调研报告

Survey Report on Nursery Pig Welfare Issues,Abnormal Behaviors,and Their Mitigation in Intensive Pig Farms

本次专项调查旨在调研我国规模化猪场保育猪福利现状及其改善措施。调查问卷通过问卷星网络平台发布,回收到信息填写完整、保育猪≥50头的151份猪场数据,并进行统计分析。结果表明:(1)调研猪场中,保育猪发生最频繁的异常行为、福利问题分别为咬尾/咬耳、行为福利问题,各占41.1%、31.8%,排名前一位的福利改善和环境丰容措施为水料充足和特制玩具,占比分别为66.9%和29.8%,以示环境丰容措施还有较大改善空间;(2)与不重视动物福利猪场相比,重视猪场动物福利猪场可降低环境、卫生、行为、心理等福利问题,减少咬尾/咬耳行为,变化幅度达20%以上(P<0.05或P<0.01);(3)存栏>3000头猪场与存栏≤3000头猪场相比,保育猪心理福利问题发生占比下降20.8%(P<0.01),采用特制玩具、优质光照改善环境丰容的猪场占比分别增加23.2%、26.7%(P<0.05),而使用垫料改善环境丰容的减少48.2%(P<0.01),采用健康管理、善待动物措施分别增加24.7%、19.8%(P<0.01或P<0.05);(4)劳动定额>800头的猪场相比劳动定额≤800头的猪场,保育猪心理福利问题、破坏圈栏发生占比下降16.3%、14.7%(P<0.05),以提供垫料作为保育猪环境丰容措施的占比下降44.2%(P<0.01),但提供优质光照的占比增加37.8%(P<0.01);(5)北部猪场相比南部猪场,保育猪行为福利问题发生占比、咬尾/咬耳行为发生占比分别下降17.3%、22.2%(P<0.05或P<0.01)。综上,重视动物福利、提供特制玩具等环境丰容措施、加强精细化健康管理的猪场,可以减少保育猪出现多项福利问题,此外,有些养猪场在改善保育猪福利方面还有较大空间,尤其存栏≤3000头的猪场。

This special survey investigated the current situation and improvement measures of nursery pig welfare in pig farms in China.The designed survey questionnaire was released on the QuestionStar platform,and the data of 151 pig farms with complete information and at least 50 nursery pigs were collected for statistical analysis.The results showed that:(1)For nursery pigs of the investigated pig farms,the most frequent abnormal behavior and welfare problems were tail/ear biting and behavioral welfare problem,accounting for 41.1%and 31.8%respectively,the first welfare improvement or environmental enrichment measures were sufficient feed and water,and special toys,accounting for 66.9%and 29.8%respectively,showing greater improvement room for environmental enrichment;(2)Com-pared with pig farms that did not value animal welfare,pig farms that valued animal welfare reduced environmental/health/behav-ioral/psychological welfare issues,and reduced tail/ear biting behavior,with changes of over 20%(P<0.05 or P<0.01);(3)Compared to pig farms with a stock of≤3000 nursery pigs,pig farms with a stock of>3000 nursery pigs had psychological welfare problems de-creased by 20.8%(P<0.01),special toys and high-quality lighting to improve environment enrichment increased by 23.2%and 26.7%(P<0.05)respectively,while bedding material decreased by 48.2%(P<0.01),good health management and humane handling in-creased by 24.7%and 19.8%respectively(P<0.01 or P<0.05);(4)Compared to pig farms with a labor quota of≤800 nursery pigs,pig farms with a labor quota of>800 nursery pigs had psychological welfare problem,destroying pens and bedding material decreased by 16.3%,14.7%and 44.2%(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but high-quality lighting increased by 37.8%(P<0.01);(5)Compared to the southern pig farms,the northern pig farms had behavioral welfare issues and tail/ear biting behavior decreased by 17.3%and 22.2%,respectively(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In summary,valuing animal welfare,providing special toys and other environmental enrichment measures,and strengthening refined health management may decrease behavioral and other welfare issues and have great potential to improve the welfare of nursery pigs,especially for pig farms with a stock of≤3000 nursery pigs.