牧区边民生计方式的现状与对策研究——基于内蒙古满都拉镇的田野调查

Research on the current situation and countermeasures of the livelihood mode of the border people in the pastoral area--A field survey based on Mandurah Township in Inner Mongolia

边民生计始终同国家发展与边疆稳定密不可分,是关乎全面推进兴边富民、稳边固边的关键要素。内蒙古边境地区的满都拉镇作为我国对蒙开放的重要通道,地理位置十分优越,是北疆安全、自然生态、能源资源、农畜产品、向北开放的前哨站。近年来,当地边民形成了以畜牧守边、口岸商铺、外来务工的多元生计方式,但因边境牧场生态脆弱、牧民思维滞后、地方人才稀缺、基础设施落后等因素影响,致使边民生计面临挑战,由此应落实禁牧政策,完善牧区合作社,推动边境贸易,改善基础设施,发展边境旅游,进而促进满都拉镇经济发展,提升边民福祉,维护边疆社会和谐稳定。

Border people's livelihood has always been inextricably linked to the development of the country and the stability of the border,and it is a key element concerning the comprehensive promotion of the prosperity of the border and the stabilisation and consolidation of the border.Mandurah town in the border area of Inner Mongolia,as an important channel for China's opening up to Mongolia,has a very favourable geographical position,and is an outpost for the security of the northern border,natural ecology,energy resources,agricultural and livestock products,and opening up to the north.In recent years,the local border people have formed a diversified livelihood with livestock guarding the border,port shops and foreign labourers,but due to the impact of ecological fragility of border pastures,lagging thinking of herders,scarcity of local talents and backwardness of infrastructures,the livelihood of the border people is challenged,which should be implemented to prohibit animal husbandry policy,improve pastoral co-operative societies,promote border trade,improve infrastructures,and develop border tourism,which will promote the economic development and enhance the well-being of border people in Mandula Town.economic development,enhance the well-being of the border people,and maintain the social harmony and stability of the border.