野生山刺玫种籽氨基酸、脂肪酸组成与评价

Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Compositions and Evaluation of Wild Rosa davurica

目的:探究野生山刺玫种籽氨基酸、脂肪酸含量的差异情况,为黑龙江省野生山刺玫产业化资源开发利用及栽培方向提供科学依据。方法:以黑龙江省及周边野生山刺玫种籽为研究对象,对氨基酸、脂肪酸组成及含量、营养价值进行分析和评价。结果:氨基酸总含量为19.49%~24.48%,均值22.46%,必需氨基酸含量7.26%,占总氨基酸的27.13%~37.26%。药用氨基酸含量16.27%;儿童必需氨基酸含量3.77%;芳香族氨基酸含量8.53%;支链氨基酸含量3.77%;鲜味氨基酸含量7.73%;甜味氨基酸含量3.17%。氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)为69.29~83.39,均值74.125,蛋白质较接近理想蛋白质要求,甲硫氨酸(Met)为第一限制氨基酸。脂肪酸总含量为95.33%,不饱和脂肪酸含量90.24%,脂肪酸组成含量表现为:亚油酸(35.45%)>亚麻酸(33.48%)>油酸(19.39%)>十五烷酸(3.91%)>硬脂酸(1.74%)>花生酸(1.18%)>棕榈油酸(0.19%);十五烷酸与棕榈油酸存在极显著正相关性(r=0.606,P<0.01),硬脂酸与花生酸、亚麻酸存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01),亚麻酸与亚油酸存在极显著负相关性(r=-0.470,P<0.01)。Q型聚类分析以欧氏距离20为阈值,可将14个品种明显的划分为4个大类。结论:结合氨基酸、脂肪酸组成及含量、SRC,综合认为,穆棱种源是具有保健、药用功能最佳的品种,绥棱浆果所种源是相对适合做儿童保健类食品的品种。

【Objective】To explore the difference of amino acid and fatty acid content in wild Rosa davurica seeds,so as to provide scientific basis for the development,utilization and cultivation direction of wild Rosa davurica.【Method】Amino acid and fatty acid composition,content and nutritional evaluation of seeds in wild Rosa davurica in Heilongjiang province and surrounding areas were analyzed.【Result】The total content of amino acid was 19.49%—24.48%,the average was 22.46%.The average content of essential amino acids was 7.26%,accounting for 27.13%—37.26%of the total amino acids.The average content of medicinal amino acids was 16.27%,essential amino acids for children was 3.77%,aromatic amino acids was 8.53%,branched amino acids was 3.77%,umami amino acids was 7.73%,sweet amino acids was 3.17%.SRC was 69.29—83.39,average was 74.125,the protein was close to the ideal protein requirement,and Met was the first limiting amino acid.The total content of fatty acid was 95.33%,unsaturated fatty acid was 90.24%.The fatty acid composition was shown as:linoleic acid>linolenic acid>oleinic acid>pentadecanoic acid>stearic acid>arachidonic acid>palmitoleic acid.There was a significant positive correlation between pentadecanoic acid and palmitoleic acid(r=0.606,P<0.01),stearic acid was positively correlated with arachidonic acid and linolenic acid(P<0.01),linolenic acid was negative correlated with linoleic acid(r=-0.470,P<0.01).Q-type clustering analysis with Euclidean distance 20 as the threshold,14 varieties could be clearly divided into four categories.【Conclusion】Combining the composition and content of amino acids,fatty acids and SRC,producing area in Muling was considered to be the best variety with health care and medicinal functions,while Berry Research Institute in Suiling was relatively suitable for children's health food.