环境民事公益诉讼裁判适用执行和解制度的限度

The Limits of Applying the Execution Reconciliation System in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Judgments

公益诉讼相关司法解释已对“环境公益诉讼裁判的可执行性”设置了较为完备的裁判原则和规则,环境民事公益诉讼裁判只有在确有必要时才能适用执行和解制度。在具体的限度上,不同环境民事公益诉讼请求权能否适用执行和解制度,不得一概而论。防御请求权或生态环境修复行为请求权原则上不得允许当事人进行执行和解,但受损生态环境难以进行修复的,可例外允许当事人达成含有“认购碳汇”等替代性修复内容的和解协议。由于生态修复费用或损害赔偿费用直接用于受损环境的填补,执行法院原则上不得允许当事人变更执行名义内容或履行期限,但他人自愿降低其实际支出的生态环境修复费用金额的除外。达成执行和解协议后,执行法院应当继续监督和解协议的执行情况。如果国家规定的机关或者法律规定的组织怠于履行和解当事人的职责,应当由检察机关备位在执行程序中充当和解当事人。

The relevant judicial interpretations of public interest litigation have established more complete principles and rules regarding the“enforceability of environmental public interest litigation judgments”.The environmental civil public interest litigation judgments can only be applied to the enforcement of the settlement system when necessary.In terms of specific limitations,whether different environmental civil public interest litigation claims can be applied to the enforcement of the settlement system should not be generalized.In principle,the parties shall not be allowed to carry out enforcement settlement for the right of defense or the right of ecological environment repair.However,if the damaged ecological environment is difficult to restore,the parties may exceptionally be allowed to enter into settlement agreements such as or“subscription for carbon sinks”.Since the costs or damages associated with ecological restoration are directly used to remediate the damaged environment,the enforcement court should not permit parties to alter the nominal content of the execution or the performance period,except in cases where the other party voluntarily reduces the amount of ecological restoration costs incurred.After reaching an executive settlement agreement,the enforcement court shall continue to supervise the implementation of the settlement agreement.If a state-regulated body or a legally regulated organization is negligent in exercising its duties as a party to the settlement,the procuratorate shall prepare a position to act as a party to the settlement in the enforcement proceedings.