基于交通事故案例的3岁儿童乘员损伤机制研究

Injury Mechanism of Three-year-old Child Occupants Based on Traffic Accident Case

目的通过再现真实交通事故案例探究3岁儿童乘员碰撞损伤机制。方法应用车辆有限元模型和图斯特3岁儿童乘员损伤仿生模型(TUST IBMs 3YO-O),再现CIREN数据库中的交通事故案例,通过综合分析Δv、车辆质量和变形能反求碰撞前车辆的速度,设置碰撞仿真试验再现案例所描述的儿童乘员损伤,分析损伤机制。结果TUST IBMs 3YO-O模型完整地再现出碰撞事故中儿童乘员的损伤。儿童乘员头部运动学响应与生物力学响应表现出差异性,儿童乘员胸腔内部组织器官生物力学响应表明其没有出现损伤,但是胸部3 ms合成加速度达到54 g,超出阈值。结论未来乘员安全评价需要引入生物力学参数。应用高生物逼真度的人体生物力学模型再现交通事故中乘员损伤,不仅更加清晰观察事故中乘员的运动学响应,深度分析碰撞损伤机制,还为数字化评估提供参考依据,也将为儿童乘员保护装置研发和安全法规制定提供参考。

Objective To investigate the injury mechanisms of three-year-old child occupants by reconstructing a real traffic accident.Methods A traffic accident case from the CIREN database was reconstructed using a vehicle finite element model and a three-year-old child occupant injury bionic model(TUST IBMs 3YO-O).TheΔv,mass of the vehicle,and deformation energy were comprehensively analyzed to calculate the collision velocity of the vehicle.This accident was simulated to present injuries to a child occupant,and the injury mechanisms were analyzed in depth.Results The TUST IBMs 3YO-O fully reconstructed the injuries of the child occupant in this case.The kinematic and biomechanical responses of the children′s heads differed.The biomechanical response of the internal tissues and organs in the chest cavity showed no injury,however,the result ant chest acceleration at 3 ms reached 54 g,which exceeded the threshold.Conclusions In the future,it will be necessary to adopt biomechanical parameters for occupant safety evaluations.The application of human biomechanical models with high biofidelity to reconstruct occupant injuries in traffic accidents can not only be used to observe the kinematic responses of the occupant in the accident and analyze the injury mechanisms in depth,but also to provide references for virtual testing,as well as for the research and development of child occupant protection devices and the formulation of safety regulations.