寒区长跑运动膝关节损伤特征及相关性研究

Regional characteristics and correlation analysis of knee injury in long-distance running in cold regions

目的探讨寒区长跑运动的膝关节损伤特征及相关性。方法选取2021年11月至2022年11月北部战区总医院收治的188例寒区长跑运动慢性膝关节损伤患者,分析单侧膝关节损伤情况及其各部位损伤情况与对侧膝关节损伤的相关性、膝关节损伤部位与气温、年龄间的关系。结果单侧膝关节损伤磁共振成像(MRI)诊断评分为(2.65±1.47)分,对侧膝关节损伤的MRI诊断评分为(2.46±1.37)分,单侧膝关节损伤与对侧膝关节损伤呈正相关(r=0.628,P<0.05)。患者单侧内侧半月板(MM)损伤发生率为55.3%(104/188),外侧半月板(LM)损伤发生率为43.1%(81/188),前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤发生率为39.4%(74/188),后交叉韧带(PCL)损伤发生率为3.7%(7/188);随访1年,患者对侧MM损伤的发生率为52.1%(98/188),LM损伤的发生率为41.5%(78/188),ACL损伤的发生率为44.7%(84/188),PCL损伤的发生率为3.2%(6/188)。MM损伤与ACL损伤首次单侧与对侧膝关节损伤呈正相关(r=0.69,r=0.39,P<0.05)。不同温度患者LM损伤情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄患者MM损伤情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论单侧膝关节损伤后易出现对侧膝关节损伤。ACL和MM易出现损伤,MM损伤与年龄有关,MM、ACL损伤与温度有关。

Objective To investigate the characteristics and correlation analysis of exercise-induced knee joint injury in cold regions.Methods From November 2021 to November 2022,188 patients with chronic knee joint injury during long distance running in cold regions were selected from the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command,the relationship between the injury of unilateral knee joint and contralateral knee joint,the relationship between the injury of knee joint and temperature,age were analyzed.Results The magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)diagnosis score of unilateral knee injury was(2.65±1.47)and that of contralateral knee magnetic resonance imagin was(2.46±1.37),there was a positive correlation between unilateral knee injury and contralateral knee injury(r=0.628,P<0.05).The incidence of unilateral meniscus medialis(MM)injury was 55.3%(104/188),meniscus lateralis(LM)injury was 43.1%(81/188),anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injury was 39.4%(74/188),posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)injury was 3.7%(7/188);Follow-up period of 1 year,the incidences of contralateral MM,LM,ACL and PCL were 52.1%(98/188),41.5%(78/188),44.7%(84/188)and 3.2%(6/188)respectively.There was a positive correlation between the first unilateral knee injury and the contralateral knee injury(r=0.69,r=0.39,P<0.05).Comparison of LM injury in patients with different temperatures,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was significant difference in MM injury among patients of different ages,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The contralateral knee is easy to be injured after unilateral knee injury.ACL and MM are easy to be injured,MM is related to age,and MM and ACL are related to temperature.