市场转向与专业化分工——以中国出口导向型制造企业为例

Market Shift and Specialized Division of Labor——Taking China’s Export-oriented Manufacturing Enterprises as an Example

自2008年金融危机以来,中国出口导向型制造企业出现了以出口为主转向出口和内销并重的趋势,尤其在双循环新发展格局背景下,这一趋势更加明显。然而现有文献很少关注企业市场转向后的行为。本文基于企业分工的视角,以2009~2022年中国出口导向型制造企业为样本,实证研究了市场转向驱动企业专业化发展的内在机理和边界条件。研究发现:市场转向显著提升了中国出口导向型制造企业专业化分工水平,并且该结论在考虑内生性问题及一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立;机制分析表明,市场转向对企业专业化分工的促进作用主要通过降低企业面临的外部交易成本来实现;市场转向对企业专业化分工的影响具有明显的异质性,在国有企业、规模较大企业中促进效果更加明显;市场转向通过促进企业专业化分工提高了出口导向型制造企业全要素生产率和创新质量。本文研究结论对于双循环先发展格局政策制定具有重要的借鉴意义。

Since the 2008 financial crisis,China’s export-oriented manufacturing enterprises have shown a trend of shifting their focus from exports to both exports and domestic sales,especially in the context of the new development pattern of dual circulation.This trend is even more evident.However,existing literature rarely focuses on the behavior of enterprises after the market turns.This article is based on the perspective of enterprise division of labor,using Chinese export-oriented manufacturing enterprises from 2009 to 2022 as samples,to empirically study the internal mechanism and boundary conditions of market turning driving the professional development of enterprises.Research has found that the market shift significantly enhances the level of specialization and division of labor in China’s export-oriented manufacturing enterprises,and this conclusion still holds after considering endogeneity issues and a series of robustness tests.Mechanism analysis shows that the promotion effect of market shift on specialized division of labor for enterprises is mainly achieved by reducing the external transaction costs faced by enterprises.The impact of market shift on specialized division of labor in enterprises has significant heterogeneity,and the promotion effect is more pronounced in stateowned enterprises and larger enterprises.The market shift improves the total factor productivity and innovation quality of exportoriented manufacturing enterprises by promoting specialized division of labor.The research conclusion of this article has important reference significance for the policy-making of the dual circulation development pattern.