影响番茄潜叶蛾性信息素诱捕效果的因子分析

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Sex Pheromone Trapping of the Tomato Leafminer Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)Moths

番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)可对番茄生长造成毁灭性的危害,性诱监测或群集诱杀是测报和防控的手段之一。本文通过提取、鉴定和分析云南西双版纳、四川西昌、内蒙赤峰和辽宁沈阳番茄潜叶蛾的性信息素组分及其配比,结合田间诱捕比较试验,分析了与性诱相关的主要因子对诱蛾活性的影响。结果显示,我国四个地点的番茄潜叶蛾性信息素组成没有显著差异,均由反3顺8顺11-十四碳三烯乙酸酯(E3,Z8,Z11-14:Ac)和反3顺8-十四碳二烯乙酸酯(E3,Z8-14:Ac)组成,其比例在100:2~100:12。田间诱捕比较试验表明,E3,Z8-14:Ac没有显著提高E3,Z8,Z11-14:Ac的引诱活性。性信息素化合物E3,Z8,Z11-14:Ac的纯度和剂量与诱蛾量密切相关,93%纯度的诱蛾量是82%纯度的2.48倍,以聚乙烯毛细管的灌液结构为基质的最佳性信息素剂量是900~1200μg。翅膀型粘胶诱捕器的诱蛾量是三角形粘胶诱捕器的2倍,最佳的诱捕器是搭配绿色盖板的翅膀型粘胶诱捕器,而盖板与粘胶板间的距离以6~9 cm最为理想。最佳的诱捕器设置高度是在泥土上(0 cm),随着诱捕器设置高度的提升,诱蛾量下降,诱捕器高于120 cm时,未诱捕到雄蛾。诱捕器在番茄大棚中的出口处和远离出口处位置对诱蛾量没有差异。研究结果可为性信息素应用于番茄潜叶蛾的田间监测和防控提供参考。

The damage in the tomato crop caused by the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)can be devastating.Monitoring by sex pheromone trapping or control by mass trapping is one of the means of detection and control of pests.Extraction,identification and analysis of sex pheromones of female T.absoluta moths and their ratios from Xishuangbanna(Yunnan),Xichang(Sichuan),Chifeng(Inner Mongolia)and Shenyang(Liaoning)were employed in the study.In field experiments,we compared and analyzed the effects of some major factors related to sex pheromone trapping on the trapping efficacy.The results showed that there is no significant difference in the composition of the sex pheromone of the tomato leafminer at four sites in China.The main components were composed of(E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-tetradecatrienyl acetate(E3,Z8,Z11-14:Ac)and(E,Z)-3,8-tetradecadienyl acetate(E3Z8-14:Ac).The results showed that the purity and dosage of the sex pheromone compound E3Z8Z11-14:Ac are closely related to the number of moths attracted.The number of moths attracted by pheromone compound with 93%purity was 2.48 times that of 82%.The optimal dosage for Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)capillary as matrix was 900—1200μg per lure.The wing-type sticky traps attracted twice as many moths as the diamond sticky traps.The best trap was the wing-type sticky trap with a green cover,and the distance between the cover and the sticky plate was 6—9 cm.The optimal height of trap setting was o cm,when the trap was placed on the soil level.As the height increased,the number of moths caught decreased.When the trap was placed higher than 120 cm,no moths were trapped.There was no difference in the location of the traps in the tomato greenhouse.These results will help improve the field application of sex pheromone trapping for monitroing and controlling the tomato leafminers.