伦理道德的文明史意义

The Historical Significance of Ethics and Morality in Civilization

伦理道德对人类世界到底具有何种文明史意义?针对现代文明所面临的严峻挑战,伦理学到底如何履行自己的文化使命?自然律与伦理律是人类世界的两大基本规律,伦理学是人类由自然律走向伦理律,最后达到自由律的“哲人之石”。在中西方民族由原始社会向文明社会的转型中,伦理道德都参与了文明基因的奠基与编辑,苏格拉底之死与纣王之死演绎了中西方文明的伦理道德密码。中华民族的两大文明气派,即“国家”文明与“有伦理,不宗教”,都植根于特殊的伦理传统,在伦理学体系中得到自觉的理论建构和历史发展。中华伦理道德对人类文明的独特贡献,不只是传统美德,而且是一种特殊的文明观与世界观,即伦理文明观与伦理世界观。现代文明的伦理觉悟已经又一次处于“人类种族的绵亘”的“最后觉悟之最后觉悟”的时刻。现代伦理学是关于人类伦理觉悟的理论体系,承载着唤醒人类的伦理觉悟、进行人类文明的宏大高远的伦理谋划的重大文明使命。现代中国伦理学应当为中华民族现代文明和人类文明新形态的建构做出新的理论和实践贡献。

What exactly is the civilizational-historical significance of ethics for the human world?In view of the severe challanges faced by modern civilization,how does ethics fulfill its cultural mission?Natural law and ethical law are the two basic laws of the human world.Ethics is the“philosopher's stone”by which mankind moves from the law of nature to the law of ethics and finally to the law of freedom.In the transition from primitive society to civilized society,ethics and morality have been involved in the foundation and editing of the genes of civilization in both Chinese and Western nations.The death of Socrates and the death of King Zhou of Shang have interpreted the ethical and moral codes of both Chinese and Western civilizations.The two major civilizational styles of the Chinese nation,namely,the“national”civilization and the“ethics,not religion”,are rooted in a special ethical tradition,and have been consciously theoretically constructed and historically developed in the ethical system.The unique contribution of Chinese ethics to human civilization is not only traditional virtues,but also a special outlook on civilization and the world,namely,an ethical outlook on civilization and an ethical outlook on the world.The ethical awakening of modern civilization has once again reached the moment of“the final awakening of the final awakening”of“the human race for all time”.Modern ethics is a theoretical system about the ethical consciousness of human beings,which carries the important civilized mission of awakening the ethical consciousness of human beings and carrying out the grand and lofty ethical planning of human civilization.Modern Chinese ethics should make new theoretical and practical contributions to the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation and the new form of human civilization.