基于聚类分析的眼科日间手术患者护理需求特点及对策研究

Characteristics and countermeasures of nursing needs in ophthalmic day surgery patients based on cluster analysis

目的对眼科日间手术患者的护理需求特点进行分类,了解不同患者群体的特点和需求,提出针对性护理对策,以进一步提升眼科日间病房的护理质量。方法回顾性查阅2023年1月—9月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科日间病房所有已归档的患者电子病历资料,通过统计描述、聚类分析等方法将所有资料进行分析、聚类。结果共纳入52049例患者,年龄(57.11±19.61)岁;所需护理项目数量:0个3104例(5.96%),1个9158例(17.59%),2个25428例(48.85%),3个8812例(16.93%),4个5442例(10.46%),5~11个105例(0.20%);患者合并症数量:0个38653例(74.26%),1个10896例(20.93%),2个2449例(4.71%),3~11个51例(0.10%)。以患者合并症数量、所需护理项目总量以及年龄为聚类变量,将52049例患者分为3组,分别是低护理需求组11817例(22.70%),中护理需求组24466例(47.01%),高护理需求组15766例(30.29%),患者年龄和合并症数量均与护理项目需求数量密切相关。结论对眼科日间手术患者护理需求特点进行分类与分析,可以了解不同类别患者的需求,有针对性地完善护理对策,为进一步提高眼科日间护理服务的精准性和服务质量提供支撑,为临床护理工作提供借鉴参考。

Objective To classify the nursing needs of patients undergoing ophthalmic day surgery,to understand the characteristics and needs of different patient groups,and propose specific nursing strategies to further improve the nursing quality of the ophthalmic day wards.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on all archived electronic medical records of patients in the Ophthalmology Day Ward of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to the Capital Medical University from January to September 2023.Statistical description and cluster analysis were used to analyze and cluster all data.Results A total of 52049 patients were included,with an average age of(57.11±19.61)years.The number of nursing items required was 0 for 3104 patients(5.96%),1 for 9158 patients(17.59%),2 for 25428 patients(48.85%),3 for 8812 patients(16.93%),4 for 5442 patients(10.46%),and 5-11 for 105 patients(0.20%).The number of patients’comorbidities was 0 for 38653 patients(74.26%),1 for 10896 patients(20.93%),2 for 2449 patients(4.71%),and 3-11 for 51 patients(0.10%).Using the number of comorbidities,total required nursing care items,and age as clustering variables,the 52049 patients were divided into 3 groups:low nursing demand group with 11817 patients(22.70%),medium nursing demand group with 24466 patients(47.01%),and high nursing demand group with 15766 patients(30.29%).The results showed that both patient age and the number of comorbidities were closely related to the number of nursing care items needed.Conclusion Classifying and analyzing the nursing needs of patients undergoing ophthalmic day surgery can help understand the needs of different categories of patients,improve nursing strategies specifically,provide support for further improving the accuracy and quality of ophthalmic day care services,and provide reference for clinical nursing work.