我国都市圈人口分布特征及圈层建设路径探析

Exploring the Characteristics of Population Distribution and the Path of Circle Construction in China’s Metropolitan Area

深入研究都市圈的人口分布变化特征,从人口分布角度探析都市圈发展关键症结所在,有助于把握都市圈人口发展规律,推进人口经济社会协调发展。通过对重要都市圈人口数据的比较分析,发现我国都市圈呈现“人口规模增长更为快速、少子化老龄化更为突出、先发城市吸引人口更为强劲、人口集聚头部效应更为显著、第三产业人口集聚态势更为明显”的特征,同时也在一定程度上存在“外围”人口经济协同效应不足、“中心”优质公共服务集聚效应过强、“中心-外围”职住分离压力未减等挑战。通过梳理都市圈人口分布优化的路径机制和国际都市圈建设经验,提出以打造城市规划图,塑造产业协作圈、城市交通圈与都市生活圈为抓手,从实施科学统筹规划、加快产业转型升级、推进轨道交通建设以及调整公共服务布局四方面优化人口分布格局。

An in-depth study of the population distribution characteristics and an analysis of the key issues in the development process from the perspective of population distribution will help to grasp the laws of population development in metropolitan areas and promote the coordinated development of population and economy and society.Through the comparative analysis of the population data of several important metropolitan areas,it is found that China's metropolitan areas show the characteristics of“more rapid population growth,more prominent aging,more powerful attraction of population to the pioneer cities,more significant head effect of population concentration,and more obvious population concentration in the tertiary industry”.Meanwhile,there are also challenges such as the lack of population and economic synergy in the“periphery”,the excessive agglomeration effect of high-quality public services in the“center”,and the pressure on the“center-periphery”separation of jobs and housing has not abated,etc.By analyzing and summarizing the mechanism and the experience of optimizing population distribution in metropolitan areas,it is proposed to optimize the population distribution pattern in four aspects,namely,implementing scientific integrated planning,accelerating industrial transformation and upgrading,promoting rail transportation construction and adjusting the layout of public services,by optimizing the metropolitan area plan and shaping the industrial collaboration,urban transportation and metropolitan living circles.