2014-2021年西安市居民伤害死亡特征及减寿分析

Characteristics and life loss of injury-induced deaths in Xi’an City,2014-2021

目的分析2014—2021年西安市居民伤害死亡特征及由于伤害死亡所造成的潜在寿命损失,为进一步开展伤害防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集西安市“人口死亡信息登记管理系统”中2014—2021年全人口死因监测数据和人口资料。采用Excel 2010计算死亡率、标化死亡率、死因构成、潜在减寿年数(potential years of life lost,PYLL)、潜在减寿率(potential years of life lost rate,PYLLR)、平均减寿年数(average years of life lost,AYLL)等指标。采用SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2014—2021年西安市居民伤害平均死亡率为29.08/10万,标化死亡率为27.16/10万。男性伤害死亡率为37.29/10万,女性伤害死亡率为20.41/10万,男性是女性的1.83倍;郊县伤害死亡率为35.33/10万,城区伤害死亡率为22.26/10万,郊县是城区的1.59倍,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为1907.990、1141.569,P<0.05)。2014—2021年西安市居民伤害死亡前5位原因分别为道路交通伤害、意外跌落、自杀、意外中毒、其他意外伤害,占全部伤害死亡人数的89.08%。不同年龄别人群中,导致伤害的主要死因差别较大,0~14岁人群伤害前5位死因分别为道路交通伤害、意外窒息、意外跌落、溺水、自杀;15~44岁组人群伤害前5位死因分别为道路交通伤害、自杀、意外跌落、意外中毒、其他意外伤害;45~64岁组人群伤害前5位死因分别为道路交通伤害、意外跌落、自杀、其他意外伤害、意外中毒;≥65岁人群伤害前5位死因分别为意外跌落、道路交通伤害、自杀、其他意外伤害、意外中毒。2014—2021年西安市居民伤害造成的PYLLR为4.82‰,排在前3位的依次是道路交通伤害、意外跌落、自杀;伤害造成的AYLL为16.56年,排在前3位的依次是他杀、溺水、触电。结论2014—2021年西安市居民伤害死亡率较高,已成为威胁西安市居民身体健康和生命安全的重要公共卫生问题,道路交通伤害是最主要的伤害死因之一。伤害防治工作需根据不同年龄、不同地区、不同性别人群制定相应的防治策略和措施。

Objective To analyze the features and potential life loss of injury-induced deaths among residents in Xi’an City during 2014-2020,and to provide a scientific basis for further conduct the work on injury prevention and control.Methods We collected the monitoring data and population data regarding causes of deaths based on the whole population in 2014-2021 from the Population Death Information Registration and Management System in Xi’an City.Microsoft Excel 2010 was employed to calculate the mortality rate,age-standardized death rate,constituent ratio of causes of death,potential years of life lost(PYLL),potential years of life lost rate(PYLLR),average years of life lost(AYLL)and other indexes.SPSS18.0 software was applied to statistical analysis of the data,andχ^(2) test was used for comparing the rates.Results The average mortality rate of injuries among residents in Xi’an City during 2014-2021 was 29.08/100,000,and the age-standardized death rate 27.16/100,000.The injury-induced mortality rates in males and females were 37.29/100,000 and 20.41/100,000,respectively,and the rate in males was 1.83 times that in females.The injury-induced mortality rates in suburban counties and urban areas were 35.33/100,000 and 22.26/100,000 respectively,and the rate in suburban counties was 1.59 times that in urban areas.There were statistically significant differences in the injury-induced mortality rates between genders as well as between suburban counties and urban areas(χ^(2)=1,907.990,χ^(2)=1,141.569,both P<0.05).The top five causes of deaths due to injuries among residents in Xi’an City from 2014 to 2021 were road traffic injury,accidental fall,suicide,accidental poisoning and other accidental injuries,and the deaths owing to above-mentioned causes accounted for 89.09%of the total injury-induced deaths.The main causes of injury-induced deaths varied greatly among different age groups.The top five causes of injury-induced deaths among residents aged 0-14 years were road traffic injury,accidental suffocation,accidental fall,drowning and suicide.The top five causes of injury-induced deaths among residents aged 15-44 years were road traffic injury,suicide,accidental fall,accidental poisoning and other accidental injuries.The top five causes of injury-induced deaths among residents aged 45-64 years were road traffic injury,accidental fall,suicide,other accidental injury and accidental poisoning.The top five causes of injury-induced deaths among residents aged 65 years and above were unintentional fall,road traffic injury,suicide,other unintentional injury and accidental poisoning.PYLLR caused by injuries among residents in Xi’an City during 2014-2021 was 4.82%,with the top three causes being road traffic injury,accidental fall and suicide.AYLL induced by injuries among residents in Xi’an City in 2014-2021 was 16.56,with the top three causes being homicide,drowning and electrocution.Conclusion The injury-induced mortality rate among residents in Xi’an City during 2014-2021 was high.Injuries have become an important public health problem that threatens the health and life safety of residents in Xi’an City.Road traffic injury is the main cause of deaths due to injuries.Corresponding injury prevention strategies and measures should be formulated based on the population's different characteristics such as age,area and gender.