恩施市中小学生身高体重分布及矮小症患病情况分析

Height and body mass distribution and prevalence of short stature among primary and secondary school students in Enshi City

目的分析恩施市中小学生身高体重分布及矮小症患病情况。方法采用分层整群抽样法,2023年1—6月抽取恩施市不同辖区内的5所小学、5所初中,再在每所学校的各个年级随机抽取4个教学班的学生作为研究对象进行身高、体重测量,同时采用调查问卷收集学生人口学信息、生活行为习惯及家庭情况,并采用描述性分析方法对身高、体重分布情况进行分析,采用单、多因素分析方法对影响矮小症检出因素进行分析。结果9652名中小学生最终纳入研究,6~9岁男生平均身高高于女生,10~12岁女生平均身高高于男生,13~16岁男生平均身高高于女生。9652名中小学生中,低体重7.02%、正常66.74%、超重14.92%、肥胖11.31%,6岁组超重及肥胖者较少,12岁组超重及肥胖者明显增多。检出矮小症251例,检出率2.60%,女生矮小症检出率3.01%显著高于男生的2.20%(P<0.05);8岁矮小症检出率最高,为3.35%,但不同年龄的矮小症检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,父/母矮小症(OR=5.959)、生长激素缺乏(OR=8.575)、户外活动时间(OR=0.828)、睡眠时间(OR=0.738)、规律进餐(OR=0.389)、喜食西式快餐(OR=1.493)、喜食零食(OR=2.947)是恩施市中小学生矮小症的影响因素。结论恩施市中小学生身高体重发育符合一般生长发育规律,也具有一定的特点,如女生矮小症的检出率显著高于男生、12岁肥胖者明显增多。矮小症患病受到体育锻炼、睡眠及饮食等多方面因素影响,可根据区域内中小学生发育特点并结合个体差异防治矮小症。

Objective To analyze the distribution of height and body mass and the prevalence of short stature among primary and secondary school students in Enshi City.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method,from January to June 2023,5 primary schools and 5 junior high schools in different districts of Enshi City were selected.Then,students from 4 classes in each grade of each school were randomly selected for height and body mass measurement.Simul‐taneously,demographic information,lifestyle behaviors,and family conditions of the students were collected through ques‐tionnaires.Descriptive analysis was utilized to examine the distribution of height and body mass,while univariate and multi‐variate analyses were applied to analyze the factors influencing short stature.Results A total of 9652 primary and second‐ary school students participated in this study.The average height of boys aged 6-9 years was higher than that of girls,the average height of girls aged 10-12 years was higher than that of boys,and the average height of boys aged 13-16 years was higher than that of girls again.Amongst the participants,7.02%were underweight,66.74%were normal,14.92%were over‐weight,and 11.31%were obese.There were fewer overweight and obese at the age of 6,and the number of overweight and obese at the age of 12 increased significantly.Short stature was detected in a total number of 251 cases,with a detection rate of 2.60%.Notably,the detection rate of short stature was significantly higher in girls(3.01%)compared to boys(2.20%,P<0.05).Although the highest detection rate of short stature was observed at 8 years old(3.35%),no signifi‐cant difference was found in the detection rate across different ages(P>0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis re‐vealed that primary and secondary school students in Enshi City with short stature had the following influencing factors:pa‐rental short stature(OR=5.959),growth hormone deficiency(OR=8.575),outdoor activity time(OR=0.828),sleep time(OR=0.738),regular meals(OR=0.389),Western fast food consumption(OR=1.493),and snack food consump‐tion(OR=2.947).Conclusions The height and body mass development of primary and secondary school students in En‐shi City conforms to the general laws of growth and development,while also exhibiting certain characteristics.For instance,the detection rate of short stature is significantly higher in girls than in boys,and there has been a notable increase in the number of obese 12-year-olds.The incidence of short stature is influenced by various factors such as physical exercise,sleep,and diet.It can be prevented by considering the developmental characteristics of primary and secondary school stu‐dents in the region,as well as individual differences.