二氧化硅纳米空心微球的制备及其应用研究进展

Progress in Preparation and Application of Silica Nanoparticle Hollow Microspheres

随着第一个有序介孔二氧化硅分子晒(MCM-41)报道以来,二氧化硅空心球就逐渐成为了一种有吸引力的材料。中空二氧化硅球形粒(HSP)是一种特殊类型的新型无极材料,内部有一定的空腔。HSP不仅具有固体二氧化硅本身的特质,同时密度小、比表面积大,还具有独特的介孔、较大的空腔、稳定性、良好的吸附性及优异的生物相容性,成为了近几十年来研究的热点。为了获取结构可控、性能优异的HSP,其合成工艺不断革新。经典的HSP制备方法包括通过模板对球体的形态和尺寸进行指导的模板法、控制球体孔壁的化学蚀刻法,以及工艺简便、具备可连续化工业生产特点的喷雾干燥法。此外,新型的微流控法具有快速反应、产率和易于自动化等特点。通过多样化制备方法获得的性能各异的HSP,在生物医学、隔热、催化、储能、功能涂层等多个领域得到广泛应用。在针对特殊环境刺激实现负载量药物的靶向输送和可控释放、制备能量密度和卓越稳定性的储能材料、掺杂获取更低导热率的隔热材料、装载活性粒提催化效率的可回收和重复使用的催化载体,甚至纤维增强的滤波材料中都充分展现了HSP独特的结构所带来的巨大效益和应用前景。HSP在制备方面的发展以及更广泛的应用领域都值得不断的深入探索。本文综述了HSP已有的各种制备方法,并对其各种应用做了介绍以及展望。

since the first ordered mesoporous silica molecular sieve(MCM-41)was reported,the silicon hollow sphere has gradually become an attractive material.Hollow silica microsphere particles(HSP)are a unique type of inorganic material characterized by their internal cavity structure.They not only inherit the properties of silica but also exhibit unique advantages such as low density,high specific surface area,special mesoporous structure,high stability,excellent adsorption properties,and outstanding biocompatibility,making them a research hotspot in recent decades.In order to obtain HSP with controllable structure and excellent performance,continuous innovations have been made in their synthesis methods.Classic methods for HSP preparation include template synthesis,chemical etching,and spray drying.Among them,template synthesis enables the controlled preparation of microsphere morphology and size,chemical etching shapes the microsphere pore walls,and the convenient spray drying method meets the needs of continuous industrial production.Additionally,novel microfluidic methods offer advantages such as rapid reaction,high productivity,and ease of automation.In summary,diverse preparation methods can yield HSP with varying performances,which find wide applications in fields such as biomedicine,thermal insulation,catalysis,energy storage,and functional coatings.Specifically,HSP can achieve targeted drug delivery and controlled release under external environmental stimuli,loading active particles can significantly improve catalytic efficiency,and their use as powder fillers can greatly enhance energy storage density and exhibit excellent thermal insulation properties,showcasing tremendous application potential.The development of HSP in preparation methods and application areas deserves continuous exploration.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the existing preparation methods and various applications of HSP to date,and offers prospects for their future development.