美国乡村文学发展历程及研究现状

Development History and Research Status of American Rural Literature

美国乡村文学在文学史上占据一百多年的时间,并曾一度繁荣,但受制于现代性导致的主流话语霸权,乡村文学作为城市文学的他者始终处于边缘地位。研究发现,美国乡村文学经历了萌芽期、发展期、繁荣期、伦理转向四个阶段,每个阶段立足特定的社会历史语境表现出不同的创作主题和艺术表现形式。学界对美国乡村文学研究的关注与美国现代性危机同步,再加上各种西方文学思潮推动,近年来美国乡村文学受到了学者的广泛关注,学者从女性主义、现代性、空间研究、自然主义等视角对美国乡村文学进行了卓有成效的研究,但总体上还有待拓展和深入,家园意识、生态伦理、共同体、种族问题等应成为未来研究关注的重点。

American rural literature has undergone the development longer than 100 years in the history of literature and once prospered.However,the mainstream discourse hegemony caused by modernity has always expelled rural literature,as the other of ur-ban literature into a persistent marginality.It is found that American rural literature has experienced four stages:germination,devel-opment,prosperity and ethical turn.Each stage displays different themes and artistic forms based on a specific social and historical context.The crisis of American modernity,coupled with the promotion of various western literary trends has attracted extensive at-tention of scholars to American rural literature in recent years.They have made fruitful research on it from the perspectives of femi-nism,modernity,spatial research and naturalism,etc.However,much work still needs to be done to achieve both depth and scope.Home consciousness,ecological ethics,community,and racial issues will be the focus of future research.