三线建设时期高校迁徙的动因、路径及影响

Motivation,Path and Influence of the Relocation of Higher Education Institutions During the Period of the Three-line Construction in China

1964~1980年,在紧张的国防局势下,为建设军事工业战略备份,我国开启了大规模三线建设运动。三线建设时期高校迁徙数量多、范围广、影响深远,而深入专门的研究尚为缺乏。在系统梳理该时期72所高校迁徙整体图景的基础上,利用“中心—边缘”理论对该时期高校迁徙的“动因-路径-格局”进行深入分析,发现该时期为了应对战争威胁、支持三线建设及均衡高等教育布局,出于疏散中心城市和建设边缘地区的目的,政府主导将高校从中心城市迁往边缘地区。在边缘地区留下的迁徙高校、催生的地方新高校、留下的校园校舍物资,促进了当地高等教育和经济的发展,也在一定程度上均衡了高等教育布局。但高校迁徙给高校学科发展带来断裂,加之当时有限经济水平和特殊时代背景,迁徙高校的办学和发展受限,这给高校和高等教育带来损失。

From 1964 to 1980,under the tense defense situation,China launched a large-scale campaign called the Three-line Construction in order to build the military industrial strategy backup.During the period of the Three-line Construction,the relocation of higher education institutions is large in number,wide in scope and far-reaching in influence,but in-depth specialized research is still lacking.On the basis of systematically sorting out the overall picture of the relocation of 72 higher education institutions during this period,this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the“motivation-path-pattern”of the relocation during this period by using the“core-periphery”theory,and finds that in order to cope with the threat of war,support the Three-line Construction and balance the layout of higher education,and for the dual purposes of evacuating the central city and building the peripheral area,higher education institutions were moved from the central city to the peripheral area under the leadership of the government.Higher education institutions left in the marginal areas,newly emerged local higher education institutions,campus and school buildings materials left have promoted the development of local higher education and economy,and promoted the balanced layout of higher education to a certain extent.However,the relocation of higher education institutions caused a rupture in the development of disciplines in these institutions.Coupled with the limited economic level and the special background of the time,the operation and development of the relocated higher education institutions were restricted,which brought losses to higher education and higher education institutions.