湖北谷城汉江国家湿地公园越冬水鸟多样性调查研究

Investigation on Diversity of Overwintering Waterbirds in Gucheng Han River National Wetland Park of Hubei

鸟类多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分,也是监测湿地质量重要的生物指标,通过研究湖北谷城汉江国家湿地公园越冬水鸟多样性,探寻湿地资源保护最优措施。2022年1月—2023年1月,采用直接计数法,对湖北谷城汉江国家湿地公园的越冬水鸟进行了调查,共记录了7目8科32种水鸟,并进行Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数分析,结果表明:2023年1月,在此停歇觅食、越冬栖息的越冬水鸟种群和数量最多;2022年11月,越冬水鸟最少。2023年1月,调查记录到黑鹳、普通秋沙鸭、凤头潜鸭在湖北谷城汉江国家湿地公园区域内的种群数量达到历年来记录的最大值,但越冬水鸟活动区域受限,主要原因为汉江水位降低,人为干扰过大。

Bird diversity is an important component of biodiversity and a crucial biological indicator for monitoring wetland quality.By studying the diversity of overwintering waterbirds in the Han River National Wetland Park in Gucheng of Hubei,we aim to explore the optimal measures for wetland resource protection.From January 2022 to January 2023,a direct counting method was used to investigate the overwintering waterbirds in the Han River National Wetland Park in Gucheng of Hubei.A total of 32 species of waterbirds from 8 families in 7 orders were recorded,and Shannon Wiener diversity index,Simpson dominance index,and Pielou evenness index were analyzed.The results showed that the overwintering waterbird population and quantity were the highest in this area,where they stopped foraging and lived during the winter in January 2023;the number of overwintering waterbirds is the lowest in November 2022.In January 2023,a survey recorded that the population of the black stork(Ciconia nigra),common merganser(Mergus merganser),and phoenix diving duck(Aythya fuligula)in the Han River National Wetland Park area of Gucheng,Hubei reached the highest recorded value in years.However,the activity area of overwintering waterbirds is limited,mainly due to the decrease in the water level of the Han River and excessive human interference.