多国卫生应急管理体系框架现况与对比研究

Comparison of public health emergency management system framework among various countries

目的比较多国卫生应急管理体系框架,分析不同国家卫生应急管理体系特征,为全球卫生应急管理体系的治理方向提供参考。方法聚焦多国卫生应急管理体系现状,旨在通过多国研究和对比,客观分析多国卫生应急管理体系中的短板与不足,提炼对于全球多国卫生应急管理体系治理方向的建议。结果多国在卫生主管部门及其职能、疾控机构及其职能、突发公共卫生事件参与机构及其职能方面大同小异,美国呈现出"垂直管理高度自治、横向管理职能高度分散"特征,英国采取的是"横向合作和纵向委托"的方式,德国强调属地化管理下的多样化协调。结论不同国家卫生应急管理体系具有不同特点,聚焦卫生应急管理体系的治理方向,多国在不同层次,如中央与地方的垂直管理、同级平行部门的横向管理间,应强化卫生应急管理的联动性、实效性和可操作性,强化法制支撑、健全管理体制、畅通运行机制。

Objective To compare and analyze the framework and characteristics of health emergency management system in different countries,so as to provide reference for the governance direction of global health emergency management system.Methods Focusing on the current situation of the health emergency management system in various countries,the aim was to objectively analyze the shortcomings and deficiencies of the health emergency management system in various countries through research and comparison,and to extract suggestions for the direction of global health emergency management system governance.Results Countries were similar in health authorities and their functions,disease control agencies and their functions,and public health emergency agencies and their functions.The United States showed a ows ar in health authorities and their functionsand a high degree of decentralization in horizontal management functions";the United Kingdom adopted a opts ted Kingdom authorities and their functionsand a high degree of deemphasized diversified coordination under localized management.Conclusion Different countries have different characteristics of health emergency management systems,focusing on the governance direction of health emergency management systems,countries at different levels,such as the central and local vertical management,horizontal management of parallel departments at the same level,which should strengthen the linkage,effectiveness and operability of health emergency management,strengthen the legal support,improve the management system,and smooth operation mechanism.