高铁驱动下的山区民族旅游型村落三生空间演变特征——以贵州肇兴侗寨为例

Spatial evolution characteristics of“Production-Living-Ecological”in ethnic tourism villages in mountainous areas driven by High-speed Railway:A case study of Zhaoxing Dong Village,Gui Zhou province

高速铁路开通对推动沿线山区民族旅游型村落实现跨越式发展具有重要意义。研究高铁对山区乡村生产—生活—生态空间的影响,为优化山区民族旅游型村落土地利用格局和美丽乡村建设提供科学参考。利用2010—2020年土地利用数据、卫星遥感和无人机影像,基于空间重构定量测度、GIS空间分析和地形梯度分析等方法,研究贵广高铁开通前后肇兴侗寨“三生”空间演变过程及特征,结果如下:1)从“三生”空间数量变化来看,2010—2020年肇兴侗寨“三生”空间演变趋势与城镇化扩张趋势相似,生产空间面积减少3.62%,分别向生活和生态空间转移1.72%和1.9%。2)从演变特征上看,肇兴侗寨“三生”空间动态变化特征显著,生活空间呈现从核心向外围扩张的边缘化特点,其蚕食生产空间现象突出,生态空间面积先减后增,共增加34.3794 hm^(2)。3)从地形分布指数上看,坡度、高程和地形位对肇兴侗寨“三生”空间土地利用格局和时空演变特征具有重要影响,“三生”空间地形位指数、分布优势地形位和演变优势地形位均呈现规律性分布,生产和生态空间具有在低地形梯度上向生活空间转变的显著特征。

The opening of high-speed railway is of great significance to promote the leapfrog development of ethnic tourism villages in the mountainous areas along the route.To study the impact of high-speed railway on the“Production-Living-Ecological”space in rural mountainous areas,and to provide scientific reference for the land use pattern optimization and building beautiful villages of ethnic tourism villages in mountainous areas.By using land use data from 2010 to 2020,satellite remote sensing and Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAVS)images,the evolutionary process and characteristics of“Production-Living-Ecological”space in Zhaoxing Dong Village before and after the operation of the high-speed railway of Guiyang to Guangzhou were studied based on quantitative measurement of spatial reconstruction,GIS spatial analysis and terrain gradient analysis.The results were as follows:1)From the change of the quantity of"Production-Living-Ecological"space,the spatial evolution trend of Zhaoxing Dong Village was similar to that of urbanization expansion from 2010 to 2020,the area of Production space was decreased by 3.62%,and transferred to Living and ecological space by 1.72% and 1.9%,respectively.2)From the perspective of evolution characteristics,the dynamic changes of the“Production-Living-Ecological”space had significant characteristics in Zhaoxing Dong village,and the Living space expanded from the core to the periphery,and the construction land encroachment on the Production space was prominent.The ecological space area decreased first and then increased,with a total increase of 34.3794 hm2.3)From the perspective of terrain distribution index,slope,elevation and terrain position had important influence on land use pattern and spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of Zhaoxing Dong Village"Production-Living-Ecological"space.The terrain position index of“Production-Living-Ecological”space,and the dominant terrain position of distribution and evolution showed regular distribution,production and ecological space had a significant feature of transforming to the land for Living space on the low terrain gradient.