黔西市气象局国家基本气象站迁站前后大雾天气对比分析及预报

Comparative analysis and forecasting for foggy weather before and after the relocation of the national basic meteorological station of Qianxi meteorological bureau

文章利用黔西市新、旧气象站地面观测资料,分析新、旧气象站的大雾天气特征及形成雾的气象要素物理变化特征。结果表明:旧气象站共出现大雾62天,年均12天,新气象站共出现大雾323天,年均108天,迁站后的大雾数据具有明显的季节分布特征;旧气象站记录的雾主要以浓雾和大雾为主,而新气象站主要以浓雾和强浓雾为主;迁站后大雾日数显著增多的原因可能是受城市热岛效应、绿地增湿降温、海拔变化等因素的影响;相对湿度、风速、降温幅度及当日是否存在弱降水是预报大雾天气的关键指标。

The article uses ground observation data from new and old meteorological stations in Qianxi City to analyze the characteristics of heavy fog weather and the physical changes of meteorological elements that form fog at these stations.The results show that the old meteorological station experienced a total of 62 days of heavy fog,with an average of 12 days per year,while the new meteorological station experienced 323 days of heavy fog,with an average of 108 days per year.The heavy fog data after relocation has a clear seasonal distribution characteristics.The fog recorded by the old meteorological station is mainly heavy fog and fog,while the new meteorological station is mainly thick fog and heavy fog.The significant increase in heavy fog days after station relocation may be due to factors such as urban heat island effect,green space humidification and cooling,and altitude changes.Relative humidity,wind speed,cooling amplitude,and the presence of weak precipitation on the day are key indicators for predicting heavy fog weather.