安徽省道地药材宿半夏资源分布调查与生药学分析

Resource Distribution and Pharmacognostics Analysis of Authentic Medicinal Herbs Su Pinellia ternata in Anhui Province

目的:研究安徽省道地药材宿半夏野生资源濒危、人工种植规模不断缩减的问题,探索推动其产业化、可持续发展的对策。方法:通过查阅资料、走访调查、野外踏查、样方分析等方式,开展宿半夏资源分布调查,同时对采集的样品进行性状、显微、薄层色谱鉴别和浸出物分析。结果:在安徽省濉溪县四铺镇发现小规模种植半夏,其他县区在果树林、田间、坡地等发现野生半夏零星分布,总分布面积约为6.18×10^(5) m^(2),总蕴藏量约为49.93t。显微鉴别发现,宿半夏粉末淀粉粒甚多,直径2~20μm;草酸钙针晶成束,长20~110μm;螺纹导管为主。薄层色谱鉴别供试品色谱中,在与4种氨基酸对照品、半夏对照药材和其他产地半夏相应的位置上均显相同颜色斑点,结果符合《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)2020年版半夏鉴别标准,证明宿半夏与《中国药典》2020年版半夏基原相同。安徽省砀山县采集的野生宿半夏浸出物质量分数最高。结论:宿半夏资源亟待保护和合理开发利用,安徽省砀山县生态环境适宜野生宿半夏的生长和有效成分的积累,种质资源较好。

Objective:To address the problem of endangered wild resources and the decreasing scale of artificial cultivation of the authentic medicinal herb Su Pinellia ternata in Anhui Province and explore strategies to promote its industrialization and sustainable development.Methods:A survey of the distribution of Su P.ternata resources was conducted using methods such as literature review,field investigations,mass interviews,and sample analysis.The collected samples were subjected to pharmacognostics analysis,morphologic,microscopic,thin-layer chromatographic,and extract analysis.Results:In Sipu Town,Suixi County,Anhui Province,small-scale cultivation of P.ternata was found,while wild P.ternata was sporadically distributed in fruit tree groves,fields,and slopes in other counties and districts.The total distribution area is approximately 6.18×10^(5) m^(2),with total reserves of about 49.93 tons of herb.Microscopic identification revealed numerous starch granules in the powder of Su P.ternata,with diameters ranging from 2 to 20μm;bundles of calcium oxalate needle crystals,with lengths of 20 to 110μm;mainly threaded conduits.In the thin-layer chromatography of the test samples,spots of the same color were observed at the corresponding positions of the four amino acid reference substances,the P.ternata reference medicinal material,and P.ternata from other regions.The results conform to the identification criteria of P.ternata in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,proving that Su P.ternata and P.ternata in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia share the same origin.The highest extract content was found in wild P.ternata collected in Dangshan County,Anhui Province.Conclusion:The authentic medicinal resource of Su P.ternata urgently needs protection and rational development and utilization.The ecological environment of Dangshan County is suitable for the growth of wild P.ternata and the accumulation of effective components,indicating good germplasm resources.