访员与受访者的互动对问卷调查数据质量的影响研究——基于SUNS录音复核记录的分析

问卷调查的数据质量决定了社会学定量研究的有效性和科学性。与定性研究中研究者与研究对象直接互动不同,问卷调查往往依靠大规模的访员队伍收集被访者数据。问卷调查实际上是访员与受访者的互动,该互动的效果可能会影响问卷调查的数据质量。本研究在社会互动理论的视角下,分析上海都市社区调查(SUNS)的并行数据以及录音复核记录,探讨问卷调查场景中的行动者、互动过程和互动环境这三类社会互动因素对问卷调查数据质量的影响。研究结果显示,问卷调查互动过程对问卷数据质量的影响最大;互动环境对问卷数据质量也有一定的影响。从研究中可以得出启示,在进行社会学问卷调查时,构建合适的互动过程和互动环境不仅能够提升访问效率,而且能够提升问卷数据质量。

The quality of data obtained from social surveys deter-mines the validity and scientific rigor of quantitative research in sociol-ogy.Unlike the direct interaction between the researcher and respondent in qualitative research,the social survey usually relies on interviewers to collect data.Actually,social survey is a kind of interaction between inter-viewers and respondents,which may affect the survey data quality.This study analyzes the parallel data and the audio review records of the Shanghai Urban Neighborhood Survey(SUNS)from the perspective of so-cial interaction theory,to explore whether interviewer-respondent interac-tion,interaction process and interaction environment will affect the data quality.The results indicate that the interaction process during the survey has the most significant impact on the quality of the survey data.Addi-tionally,the interaction environment also has a certain influence on the data quality.This study suggests that in sociological surveys,constructing an appropriate interaction process and interaction environment can not only improve survey efficiency but also enhance the quality of the survey data.