组合生态浮床对城市河流缓流水体净化试验研究

Experimental study on the combined ecological floating bed applied in urban slow-flow water body

采用由不同植物和生物载体组成的组合生态浮床应用于城市污染河道,考察了其对水体中污染物的去除效果。结果表明:组合生态浮床对水体中COD、氨氮、TN和TP都有一定的去除效果,其70 m沿程去除率平均分别达22.3%、23.6%、21.6%和9.7%。其中,美人蕉与碳素纤维生态草组合对高浓度水体中COD、氨氮、TN和TP的去除效果最为显著,去除率分别为5.56%、14.2%、10.5%和9.7%;不同植物在低浓度水体中表现出较好的去除效果,其中梭鱼草对COD和TP的去除效果显著,去除率分别达10.04%和11.1%,黄菖蒲对TN的去除率达7.2%,千屈菜对TP的去除率达11.1%,而阿科蔓生态基对低浓度水体中污染物的去除效果甚微。目前,城市河道水质受点源、面源等因素影响,污染物浓度变化较大,组合生态浮床能够适应水质的变化,可以有效改善污染河道水质。

A combined ecological floating bed composed by aquatic plants and biological carrier was applied in urban polluted rivers to investigate its removal of contaminants in open water.The results showed that the removal effects of COD,NH+4-N,TN and TP by the combined ecological floating bed were excellent and the average removal rates along 70 meters reached 22.3%,23.6%,21.6%and 9.7%,respectively.The floating bed of Canna indica L.combined with carbon fiber ecological grass had significant removal of COD,NH+4-N,TN and TP for high-density water and the removal rates were 5.56%,14.2%,10.5%and 9.7%respectively.The floating bed of different plants had better removal for contaminants at low concentrations while the removal rates of Pontederia cordata L for COD and TP were 10.04%and 11.1%respectively,and the removal rates for TN and TP of Iris pseudacorus and Lythrum salicaria were 10.5%and 9.7%respectively.Currently,the water quality of urban rivers varies largely affected by non-point source and other factors.The combined ecological floating bed can adapt to the changes and effectively improve the polluted river water quality.