《庄屈合诂》与钱澄之的遗民体认

The Interpretation of Zhuangzi and Qu Yuan by Qian Chengzhi and His Expatriate Identity Recognition

钱澄之在诂《庄》《屈》的同时,也通过遗民视角对庄、屈二人的形象进行重塑,进而表达个人的节中型处世原则。在钱澄之的解读下,庄子和屈原分别象征了明清之交弃世型和求进型两类遗民——于前者而言,钱氏赞同其明哲保身而否定其一味避世;于后者而言,则认同其执着进取而反对其无益于事的殉国之举。钱氏的判断标准则是其在身存即国存的思想观念及坎坷复杂的人生经历等多种因素综合作用下所形成的节中型遗民体认。由此,钱澄之所提出的会通庄屈的主张,并非仅就学术意义而言,其更重要的用意在于借庄、屈二人的人生抉择为处于明清夹缝中的遗民提供一种新的出路。

While interpreting Zhuangzi and Qu Yuan,Qian Chengzhi also reshaped their images from the perspective of exiles,thereby expressing his own principle of moderate conduct in the world.Under Qian’s interpretation,Zhuangzi and Qu Yuan respectively symbolize the two types of exiles in the transition from the Ming to the Qing dynasty–for the former,Qian agrees with his prudent self-preservation but rejects his blind avoidance of the world;for the latter,he endorses his persistent pursuit of progress but opposes his futile suicide for the country.Qian’s judgment standard is his exile identity recognition formed by the integration of various factors such as his belief in the survival of the country depending on his own survival,his complicated and complex life experience,etc.Thus,Qian’s proposal of integrating Zhuangzi and Qu Yuan is not only of academic significance,but its more important intention is to provide a new way out for exiles in the transition period between the two dynasties by using the life choices of Zhuangzi and Qu Yuan.