科技自立自强视域下中国科技人才效能测度、区域差异及影响因素

Improvement potential,regional differences and balanced path of science and technology talent effectiveness in China from the perspective of science and technology self-reliance and self-improvement

科技人才是国际竞争的关键性战略资源,精准把握科技人才的提升潜力、准确辨析其失衡症结并探寻其平衡路径是夯实科技人才之基,下好科技创新“先手棋”的内在要求。以“东西”和“南北”差异作为切入点,采用G1-纵横向拉开档次法考察区域科技人才效能,并借助标准差椭圆、Dagum基尼系数等多样化空间分析工具揭示我国科技人才效能的时空格局及地区差异,在此基础上进一步运用关系数据分析范式探寻科技人才效能地区差异形成的影响因素。研究结果表明:我国科技人才效能具有显著的非均衡特征,空间分布上的“东高西低,南高北低”格局与时序增速上的“东慢西快,南快北慢”格局并存,且集聚重心逐渐向西南方向移动;我国科技人才效能的地区差异呈现逐年上升的演变态势,且东西方向的空间差异高于南北方向;平衡技术开放和文化教育差异是缩小整体科技人才效能差异的主要途径,不同地区差异形成的原因存在异质性。研究结果对于全面协同提升科技人才效能,扎实推进科技自立自强战略具有重要启示和现实意义。

Scientific and technological talent is a key strategic resource for international competition.Grasping the promotion potential of scientific and technological talents and analysing their imbalance and exploring balanced path are the intrinsic requirements for consolidating the foundation of scientific and technological talents and playing the first move of scientific and technological innovation well.This paper takes the“East-West”and“North-South”differences as the starting point,and uses the G1-vertical and horizontal method to measure the efficiency of regional scientific and technological talents.Furthermore,with the help of diversified spatial analysis tools such as standard deviation ellipse and Dagum Gini coefficient,the spatial and temporal patterns and regional differences in the effectiveness of scientific and technological talents in China are revealed.On this basis,exploring the factors influencing the formation of regional differences in the efficiency of technological talents using a relational data analysis paradigm.The findings are as follows:The efficiency of scientific and technological talents in China has significant unbalanced feature.The spatial distribution pattern of“high in the east and low in the west,high in the south and low in the north”coexists with the pattern of“slow in the east and fast in the west,fast in the south and slow in the north”in temporal growth rate,and the centre of gravity of spatial clustering gradually moves to the southwest;The regional gap in the effectiveness of China’s scientific and technological talents is showing an increasing trend,and the gap between the east and the west is higher than that between the north and the south;Balancing technological openness and cultural and educational differences is the main way to reduce differences in overall scientific and technological talent effectiveness,but there is heterogeneity in the causes of variation across regions.The results have important revelations and practical significance for synergistically enhancing the effectiveness of scientific and technological talents and solidly promoting the strategy of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement.