日本开展国际科技合作的实践路径与启示

The Practical Paths and Inspirations for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Japan

扩大国际科技交流合作,打造具有全球竞争力的开放创新生态,是利用全球创新资源推动科技创新发展的有效手段,也是建设世界科技强国的必然要求。以日本为研究对象,通过实地走访、文献调研、案例分析等方法,从科技计划实施、科研经费投入、科技人才培养、牵头国际大科学计划等角度,深入分析日本主要科技管理机构开展国际科技交流合作的经验,包括:加强科技与外交协同、开展“一国一策”式国际科技合作、建立梯次衔接的资助体系、全周期培养科技创新人才、搭建多类型合作网络、加强前沿科技战略研究、强化科技援助、“飞地”运行国际大科学计划、优化管理机制等,进而提出服务支撑我国扩大国际科技交流合作的建议。

Expanding international science and technology(S&T)exchanges and cooperation,and creating a globally competitive open innovation ecosystem are effective ways to promote the development of S&T innovation by using global innovation resources,and are also inevitable requirements for building a world S&T power.Taking Japan as the main research object,through on-site visits,literature research,case analysis and other methods,conducting an in-depth analysis of main Japanese S&T management agencies from the perspectives of S&T plan implementation,scientific research funding investment,S&T talent training,international big science research plans and projects cultivation.The main experience of international S&T exchanges and cooperation in Japan includes,strengthening coordination between S&T and diplomacy,carrying out“one country,one policy”international S&T cooperation strategy,establishing a tiered funding system,cultivating S&T innovation talents throughout full-research cycle,building a multi-type cooperation networks,strengthening cutting-edge S&T strategic research and S&T assistance,running international major science project by“enclaves”way,optimizing management mechanisms.The suggestions are given to support the expansion of international S&T exchanges and cooperation in China.