施用饼肥和微生物菌剂对烤烟产质量及土壤微生物特性的影响

Effects of Cake Fertilizer and Microbial Agents on the Yield and Quality of Flue⁃Cured Tobacco and Soil Microbial Characteristics

为改良烟区土壤和提高烤烟产量和品质,设置7个处理[不施饼肥和微生物菌剂(CK),施花生饼(P)、施芝麻饼(S)、施复合饼(C)、施花生饼+微生物菌剂(PM)、施芝麻饼+微生物菌剂(SM)、施复合饼+微生物菌剂(CM)],探讨饼肥和微生物菌剂配施对烟叶光合参数、抗氧化酶活性、烤后烟叶物理性状、化学成分和土壤微生物特征的影响。结果表明,与CK处理相比,单施饼肥能提高烟叶净光合速率(Pn),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和总糖、总蛋白质、淀粉、还原糖、总氮、钾含量,烤烟增产3.6%~14.1%,土壤细菌数量显著提高9.6%~25.9%。施用相同饼肥时,配施微生物菌剂显著提高烟叶Pn及SOD、POD、CAT活性,烤烟产值显著增加7.8%~11.7%,土壤微生物生物量碳、土壤微生物生物量氮含量显著提高11.6%~18.4%、37.4%~48.6%。因此,单施饼肥或配施微生物菌剂均能提高土壤微生物数量,增强植株抗逆性,改善烤烟净光合速率,提高烟叶产量和优化烤烟化学成分,其中以复合饼和微生物菌剂配施效果较佳。

In order to improve the soil in tobacco⁃growing areas and increase the yield and quality of flue⁃cured tobacco,seven treatments[no cake fertilizer and microbial agent(CK),peanut cake(P),sesame cake(S),compound cake(C),peanut cake+microbial agent(PM),sesame cake+microbial agent(SM),compound cake+microbial agent(CM)]were set up to explore the effects of combined application of cake fertilizer and microbial agent on photosynthetic parameters,antioxidant enzyme activities,physical properties,chemical components of flue⁃cured tobacco leaves and soil microbial characteristics.The results showed that compared with CK treatment,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),catalase(CAT)activities and total sugar,total protein,starch,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,potassium content of tobacco leaves were increased by single cake fertilizer application.The yield of flue⁃cured tobacco was increased by 3.6%—14.1%,and the number of soil bacteria was significantly increased by 9.6%—25.9%.When the same cake fertilizer was applied,the application of microbial agents significantly increased the Pn of tobacco leaves,and the activities of SOD,POD and CAT,the output value of flue⁃cured tobacco significantly increased by 7.8%—11.7%,and the contents of microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in soil significantly increased by 11.6%—18.4%and 37.4%—48.6%.Therefore,single application of cake fertilizer or combined application of microbial agents could increase the number of soil microorganisms,enhance plant stress resistance,improve the net photosynthetic rate of flue⁃cured tobacco,increase the yield of tobacco leaves and optimize the chemical composition of flue⁃cured tobacco.Among them,the combined application of compound cake and microbial agents is better.