基于政策建模一致性(PMC)指数模型的光伏政策文本量化评价研究——以青海省为例

Research on Quantitative Evaluation of Photovoltaic Policy Text Based on PMC Index Model:Taking Qinghai Province as an Example

青海省以打造国家清洁能源产业高地为指引,制定了一系列政策推动光伏产业发展,为科学评估这些政策的合理性及其与青海省的适配度,综合运用文本挖掘法、内容分析法和政策建模一致性(PMC)指数模型,构建包含9个一级变量和37个二级变量的评价指标体系,对其中2012—2022年发布的17项光伏政策进行量化评价与分析。研究发现:样本政策在预测、监管、建议、试验、支持、引导方面的作用较为齐全,政策的核心性和合作性很强,且有关政策措施对财政税收、引导、金融、行政、监督保障和规范的覆盖面较广;然而,没有一项光伏政策同时具备长、中、短期的时效性,政策工具的使用与青海省光伏发展条件的匹配度有待提高,同时这些光伏产业政策忽视了企业的个性化需求,且政策的强制性、激励性和服务性的融合表现较差。结合青海省光伏产业发展实际,建议强化对需求型政策工具的重视,进一步推动政策规划的多样化、细致化和统筹化发展。

Guided by creating a national clean energy industry highland,Qinghai province has vigorously promoted the development of the photovoltaic industry(PV)industry and formulated and implemented a series of PV policies,it is necessary to construct a scientific and objective methodology to assess the rationality of these policies and the degree of policy adaptation to the reality of the province.In this paper,text mining,content analysis,and PMC index model are comprehensively applied to quantitatively evaluate and analyze the 17 PV policies issued in Qinghai province from 2012 to 2022 by constructing an evaluation index system containing 9 primary variables and 37 secondary variables.It is found that:the sample policies are more complete in terms of prediction,regulation,advice,experimentation,support,and guidance;the core and cooperative nature of the policies is strong,and the relevant policies and measures cover a wide range of fiscal and taxation,guidance,finance,administration,supervision and guarantee,and regulation.However,none of the sample policies combines long-term,medium-term and short-term,effectiveness at the same time,and the use of policy tools and the match between the conditions of PV development in Qinghai province needs to be improved.What's more,the sample policies ignore the specific requirements for the enterprise level and perform poorly in the scientific combination of mandatory,incentivized,and service-oriented.In this regard,combined with the development of the PV industry in Qinghai province,it is proposed to strengthen the emphasis on demand-oriented policy tools and further promote the diversification,refinement,and coordination of policy planning.It is also recommended to strengthen the heterogeneous norms and support for enterprises located at different levels of the industrial chain,and to realize the clear reciprocity of the rights and responsibilities of the main bodies of each sector in the PV power generation project.