数智治理视域下智能合约的行政应用与风险规制

Administrative Application and Risk Regulation of Smart Contracts from the Perspective of Digital Intelligent Governance

智能合约创立了以算法技术为核心的信任机制,推动政府治理方式与法治建设向数字化、智能化转型。但面对以智能合约和区块链为代表的新兴科技,现阶段的法律规制机制存在着先天不足与运行梗阻,依靠私法领域的责任规则尚不足以对行政领域的智能合约法律风险实现精准治理。通过定性分析法,在阐述智能合约的运作机理,并对智能合约在公共行政领域的适用问题进行探讨的基础上,梳理智能合约在行政领域独特的法律风险与规制需求。应着手建立规范化的“法律–代码”转化机制,加强对算法权力的规制,确立行政机关的责任主体地位,构建起多层次、全方位的行政规制机制,使智能合约真正成为推动国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的利器。

Smart contracts establish a trust mechanism with algorithm technology as the core,promoting the digital and intelligent transformation of government governance and legal construction.However,in the face of emerging technologies such as smart contracts and blockchain,the current legal regulatory mechanism has inherent shortcomings and operational obstacles.Relying on the responsibility rules in the private law is not enough to achieve precise governance of legal risks in administrative smart contracts.Using qualitative analysis,this paper elaborates on the operational mechanism of smart contracts and explores the application of smart contracts in the field of public administration.Based on this,the unique legal risks and regulatory requirements of smart contracts in the administrative field are sorted out.Efforts should be made to establish a standardized“law—code”conversion mechanism,strengthen the regulation of algorithmic power,and establish the position of the responsible subject of administrative organs.A multi-level and all-round administrative regulation mechanism should be constructed,so that smart contracts can truly become a tool to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.