积极心理学视域下高校心理健康教育的范式革新及体系建构

Paradigm Innovation and System Construction of Mental Health Education in Universities from Perspective of Positive Psychology

积极心理学倡导以“整全”“蓬勃”“建造”的视角理解个体心理发展。当前,存在大学生日益增长的心理健康成长需要与现有心理健康教育范式体系之间不协调、不平衡的矛盾。传统心理健康教育的“教育医疗化”模式窄化了心理健康教育的对象,忽视了对学生优势品质的开发,矮化了学生心理成长诉求的高度,造成教育对象和教育者之间的关系对立。充分发挥积极心理学在积极增进、积极预防和积极治疗方面的育人作用,需要从“问题视角”转向“优势视角”,从“说教式”个案咨询转向“体验式”团体赋能,从只关注心理障碍性问题修复到培养“抗逆力”提升,从单向度的资源供给到系统资源的协同整合,以多元心理支持体系建设,增强学生“心理韧性”,殷盛其“心理资本”。

Positive psychology advocates understanding individual psychological development from the perspectives of"wholeness","flourishing",and"construction"Curently,there exists a contradiction between the growing mental health needs of university students and the misalignment and imbalance with the existing paradigm of mental health education.The traditional"medicalized"approach to mental health education narrows the focus of mental health education,neglects the development of students'strengths,diminishes the importance of students'psychological growth needs,and creates an adversarial relationship between the students and educators.To fully leverage the role of positive psychology in promoting,preventing,and treating effects on mental health education,there needs a major shift:from a"problem perspective"to a"strengths perspective",from"Preaching"individual counseling to"experiential"group empowerment,from focusing solely on addressing psychological disorders to enhancing psychologicalresilience,and from unidirectional resource provision to the coordinated integration of systemic resources.By constructing a diversified mental support system,we can effectively enhance students'"psychological resilience",enrich their"psychological capital".