低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室环境因子变化及番茄性状分析

Variation of environmental factors and analysis of tomato traits in low-energy assembly-type deep-winter production solar greenhouse

【目的】研究低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室对室内环境因子以及番茄生长与产量的影响,为该新型温室越冬茬番茄栽培提供数据支持。【方法】选取低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室(新型温室)为试验温室,传统砖墙结构日光温室为对照温室,分析试验温室和对照温室的环境差异性对越冬茬番茄生长发育与产量品质的影响。【结果】新型日光温室空气温度相对于砖墙日光温室空气温度,其夜间增温效果提高14.7%,其昼间增温效果降低7.35%;夜间室内表层土壤温度提高30.1%,-50 cm土壤温度提高20.85%;空气相对湿度降低20.85%,日光照辐射量提高12.20%。新型日光温室较之传统砖墙日光温室,其平均株高提高约32%,平均茎粗增加约9.2%。新型日光温室更有利于番茄生长发育。新型日光温室番茄单位面积产量、番茄单果重以及VC含量较之传统砖墙日光温室,分别提高17.28%、12.72%和14.34%,尤其在番茄单位面积产量上,其增益效果明显。【结论】新型日光温室在夜间保温性能方面明显优于传统砖墙结构日光温室,其更大的空间结构降低了室内空气湿度进而提高了温室光照总辐射,间接提高作物光合作用能力。新型日光温室相比于传统墙体日光温室,其番茄整体产量更高。相比于传统砖墙温室,新型日光温室的总体优势大,其竞争力强,实用性、经济效益均佳。

【Objective】To explore the influence of low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse on indoor environmental factors and the growth and yield of tomato,and to provide data support for the subsequent cultivation of tomato in the new greenhouse.【Methods】In the study,the low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse(new greenhouse)was selected as the test greenhouse,and the ordinary brick wall structure solar greenhouse was selected as the control greenhouse.The influence of the environmental difference between the test greenhouse and the control greenhouse on the growth and quality yield of overwintering crop tomato was analyzed.【Results】The new solar greenhouse was increased by 14.7%,the daytime warming effect decreased by 7.35%;the indoor surface soil temperature increased by 30.1%and-50 cm by 20.85%;the relative air humidity decreased by 20.85%,and the daily solar radiation increased by 12.20%.Compared with the traditional brick wall solar greenhouse,the average plant height of the new solar greenhouse increased by about 32%,and the average stem thickness increased by about 9.2%.Overall,the new solar greenhouse is more conducive to the growth and development of tomatoes.At the same time,the study found that the unit per mu yield of tomato,the per fruit weight of tomato and the vitamin C content of the new solar greenhouse increased by 17.28%,12.72%and 14.34%respectively compared with the traditional brick solar greenhouse,which had a certain improvement effect,especially in the unit per mu yield of tomato,its gain effect is obvious.【Conclusion】The new solar greenhouse is obviously better than the ordinary brick wall structure in terms of thermal insulation performance at night.Its larger spatial structure reduces the indoor air humidity and then improves the total radiation of the greenhouse,and indirectly improves the photosynthesis ability of crops.Therefore,the research believes that compared with the ordinary wall solar greenhouse,the overall tomato yield is higher.Compared with the traditional brick wall greenhouse,the new solar greenhouse overall advantage,make it has more convenient and practical,but also has higher economic benefits.