组态视角下专精特新企业全要素生产率提升路径研究

Research on the Improvement Paths of Total Factor Productivity for the Specialized and Sophisticated Enterprises Under the Perspective of Configuration

专精特新企业全要素生产率(TFP)的稳步提升是构建中国高质量发展格局的有力支撑。为厘清多因素对专精特新企业TFP的影响机制,识别该类型企业TFP提升路径,基于“技术-组织-环境”理论分析框架,以2013—2022年中国85家专精特新上市企业为样本,运用必要条件分析与模糊集定性比较分析方法探究提升企业TFP的组态路径,并以区域为分组标准,探寻驱动中国东部和中西地区的专精特新企业TFP的模式是否存在异质性。研究发现:技术、组织和环境层面下的研发投入、技术创新水平、资金支持、人力资源、市场竞争压力、地区经济水平等6个因素均是提升专精特新企业TFP的关键条件,但是单个因素并不构成必要条件;提升企业TFP的路径有4种,可分为自主突破型、技术导向型、资源驱动型、内外联动型;中国东部地区和中西部地区发展路径存在显著差异,东部地区技术、组织与环境因素优势明显,协同效应突出;中西部地区面对外部竞争更多依赖企业内部组织能力以实现TFP的增长。因此,各地区政府要因地制宜,持续完善针对专精特新企业的政策支持体系,优化区域内专精特新企业创新环境,激发企业的创新活力和增长动能。

The steady improvement of total factor productivity(TFP)of specialized and sophisticated enterprises is a strong support for building a high-quality development pattern in China.This paper aims to clarify the linkage mechanism of the impact of multiple factors on the TFP of specialized and sophisticated enterprises,and identify the TFP improvement path of this type of enterprise.Based on technology-organization-environment(TOE)framework,and combined with necessary condition analysis(NCA)and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)methods,85 A-share listed specialized and sophisticated enterprises from 2013 to 2022 are taken as samples to explore the paths to improve TFP of enterprises.Grouping by region,it explores whether there is heterogeneity in the models driving the TFP of specialized and sophisticated enterprises in eastern and central-western China.The research findings are as follows:six factors including R&D investment,technological innovation level,financial support,human resources,market competition pressure,and regional economic level,are the key conditions for improving the TFP of specialized and sophisticated enterprises.There are four ways to improve TFP of specialized and sophisticated enterprises,namely autonomous breakthrough type,technology-oriented,resource-driven,internal and external coupling type.The development paths of eastern and central-western China differ significantly.In the eastern region,the advantages of technology,organization,and environmental factors are more pronounced,leading to stronger synergies.In contrast,the central-western regions rely more on internal organizational capabilities to achieve TFP growth in the face of external competition.Therefore,the governments of all regions should adapt measures to local conditions,continue to improve the policy support system for specialized and sophisticated enterprises,optimize the innovation environment of the region,and stimulate the innovation vitality and growth momentum of enterprises.