多期数据包络模型下广东省高校科研资源分配的优化研究

Research on Optimizing Research Resource Allocation in Guangdong Province's Higher Education Institutions Through a Multi-Period Data Envelopment Analysis Model

为进一步探究高校科研经费利用效率以及在集中决策模式下政府如何合理分配科研经费的问题,提高高校科研资源分配的合理性以达到产出增量最大化的目标,有必要对高校的投入与产出效率进行评估并将资源重新分配。为此,基于多期数据包络法,将决策单元的单个时期投入与产出视为并行系统,同时为避免高校自评带来的误差,引入交叉效率建立高校科研效率评价模型。对2017—2022年广东省71所科技类高校科研数据进行评估,并对政府资助资源进行了再分配。研究发现:高校的系统效率主要集中在中低水平,系统效率位于前3位的均处于广深地区,分别是华南理工大学、中山大学、深圳大学;研究期间高校科研效率在不断提升,且广深地区和非广深地区之间的高校效率并无明显差异;科研经费在不同高校间的分配需要适当增减,重新分配科研经费后,样本高校的科研论文可增加97 583篇,项目立项数量可增加15 664项,专利授权数可增加33 714件;对投入资源进行优化后,2022年处于高效率的高校从4所增加到9所。此外,研究提出管理者应增加医科类大学以及职业技术学校的科研经费支持,平衡前沿科学和科研效率的关系。

To further explore the efficiency of research funding utilization in universities and to understand how the government can rationally allocate research funding under a centralized decision-making model,it is necessary to evaluate the input-output efficiency of universities and redistribute resources to improve the rationality of resource allocation in universities,aiming to maximize output increment.To this end,based on the multi-period data envelopment method,the inputs and outputs of a single period of the decision-making unit are regarded as parallel systems,and at the same time,in order to avoid the errors brought about by the self-assessment of colleges and universities,the cross-efficiency is introduced to establish an evaluation model for the scientific research efficiency of colleges and universities.71 science and technology colleges and universities in Guangdong province from 2017 to 2022 are evaluated,and government-funded resources are redistributed.It is found that the system efficiency of universities is mainly concentrated at medium to low levels,with the top three efficiencies located in the Guangzhou and Shenzhen,including South China University of Technology,Sun Yat-sen University,and Shenzhen University.The scientific research efficiency of the universities during the study period is improving,and there is no significant difference in the efficiency of the universities between Guangzhou-Shenzhen and non-Guangzhou-Shenzhen regions.The allocation of scientific research funds among different universities needs to be appropriately increased or decreased,and after redistributing the scientific research funds,the research papers of the sample universities can be increased by 97583,the number of projects can be increased by 15664,and the number of patents granted can be increased by 33714.After optimizing the input resources,the number of universities of high efficiency increases from 4 to 9 in 2022.In addition,it is proposed that the administrators should increase research funding support for medical universities as well as vocational and technical schools to balance cutting-edge science and research efficiency.