miRNA在肠易激综合征中的作用及其潜在性应用研究进展

Research progress on the role and potential application of miRNA in irritable bowel syndrome

肠易激综合征是临床上常见的功能性胃肠病,内脏高敏反应、肠道通透性等是其重要的发病机制,且缺乏特异性标志物来协助诊断。肠易激综合征症状发作突然、病情缠绵难愈的特点严重影响着患者的生活质量,增加了患者的心理和经济负担,消耗了大量医疗资源。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一种内源性可获得的单链非编码小分子RNA(含18~22个核苷酸),广泛参与机体生理与病理过程。大量研究发现,诸多miRNA被证实在肠易激综合征内脏高敏反应、肠道通透性、肠道菌群、炎症反应中存在差异性表达。随着肠易激综合征发病机制在分子水平的研究不断深入,越来越多的研究表明,miRNA在肠易激综合征患者或动物模型的血液或肠黏膜上皮中存在差异性表达,提示miRNA可能参与肠易激综合征的发病过程。通过调控肠易激综合征中异常表达miRNA的水平,有助于肠易激综合征的诊治。文章通过国内外相关文献研究,就miRNA表达在肠易激综合征发病中的作用及其潜在性应用展开综述,为后期肠易激综合征的发病研究、诊断和治疗提供新的参考。

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common functional gastrointestinal disease in clinical practice,and visceral hypersensitivity reaction and intestinal permeability are important pathogenesis,and there is a lack of specific markers to assist in diagnosis.The sudden onset of IBS seriously affects the quality of life of patients,increases the psychological and economic burden of patients,and consumes a lot of medical resources.microRNA(microRNA,miRNA)is an endogenously available single-stranded noncoding small RNA(containing 18-22 nucleotides),which is widely involved in physiological and pathological processes in the body.A large number of studies have found that many miRNAs have been confirmed to be differentially expressed in visceral hypersensitivity reactions,intestinal permeability,intestinal microbiota,and inflammatory responses in IBS.With the deepening of the research on the pathogenesis of IBS at the molecular level,more and more studies have shown that miRNAs are differentially expressed in the blood or intestinal mucosal epithelium of IBS patients or animal models,suggesting that miRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS.By regulating the level of abnormally expressed miRNAs in irritable bowel syndrome,it is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of IBS.By reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad,this paper reviews the role of miRNA expression in the pathogenesis of IBS and its potential applications,so as to provide a new reference for the research,diagnosis and treatment of IBS in the later stage.