学龄前儿童饮食行为影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors of eating behavior of preschool children

目的探索学龄前儿童饮食行为的影响因素。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,抽取无锡市8所区县幼儿园共2160名儿童,采用自填式问卷对儿童一般情况、饮食行为、人口学特征、母亲孕期情况进行调查,对学龄前儿童饮食行为的影响因素进行分析。结果人口学特征、母亲孕期情况、儿童一般情况分别解释饮食行为总分、过饱响应、进食缓慢、挑食、食物响应、食物喜好、渴望饮料、情绪性饮食减少、情绪性过度饮食的变异程度为:11.0%(R^(2)=0.110)、9.7%(R^(2)=0.097)、15.9%(R^(2)=0.159)、3.9%(R^(2)=0.039)、7.0%(R^(2)=0.070)、29.6%(R^(2)=0.296)、33.3%(R^(2)=0.333)、7.0%(R^(2)=0.070)、4.6%(R^(2)=0.046),P值均<0.01;年龄对饮食行为总分的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.01);年龄(P<0.05)、儿童体质指数Z指数(BMIZ)(P<0.01)、儿童平均每日荧屏时间(P<0.01)对过饱响应的影响具有统计学意义;年龄(P<0.05)、孕期睡眠情况(P<0.05)、儿童BMIZ(P<0.01)对进食缓慢的影响具有统计学意义;儿童BMIZ对挑食的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.01);性别(P<0.05)、年龄(P<0.01)、BMIZ(P<0.01)、儿童平均每日荧屏时间(P<0.05)对食物响应的影响具有统计学意义;孕期睡眠情况(P<0.01)、儿童BMIZ(P<0.01)对食物喜好的影响具有统计学意义;性别、孕期睡眠情况对渴望饮料的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.01);年龄、孕期睡眠情况对情绪性饮食减少的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05);一般因素对情绪性过度饮食的影响差异无统计学意义。结论年龄、性别、儿童BMIZ、儿童平均每日荧屏时间、孕期睡眠情况对儿童饮食行为有影响。

Objective To explore the factors influencing the eating behavior of preschool children.Methods A total of 2160 children from 8 districts and counties of Wuxi were selected by stratified cluster sampling method.The general situation of children,eating behavior,demographic characteristics and maternal pregnancy were investigated by self-filling questionnaire,and the factors influencing the eating behavior of preschool children were analyzed.Results The variation degrees of total score of eating behavior,hypersatiety response,slow eating,picky eating,food response,food preference,drink craving,decrease of emotional eating and emotional overeating were explained by demographic characteristics,maternal pregnancy and children′s general conditions,respectively.11.0%(R^(2)=0.110),9.7%(R^(2)=0.097),15.9%(R^(2)=0.159),3.9%(R^(2)=0.039),7.0%(R^(2)=0.070),29.6%(R^(2)=0.296),33.3%(R^(2)=0.333),7.0%(R^(2)=0.70),4.6%(R^(2)=0.46),all P values were<0.01.The influence of age on the total score of eating behavior was statistically significant(P<0.01).Age(P<0.05),children′s BMIZ(P<0.01)and average daily screen time(P<0.01)had statistically significant effects on hypersatiety response.Age(P<0.05),sleep condition during pregnancy(P<0.05)and BMIZ of children(P<0.01)had statistically significant effects on slow eating.The effect of BMIZ on picky eating in children was statistically significant(P<0.01).Gender(P<0.05),age(P<0.01),BMIZ(P<0.01)and average daily screen time(P<0.05)had statistically significant effects on food response.Sleep status during pregnancy(P<0.01)and BMIZ in children(P<0.01)had significant effects on food preference.Gender and sleep status during pregnancy had statistically significant effects on beverage craving(P<0.01).Age and sleep during pregnancy had statistically significant effects on emotional diet reduction(P<0.05).The influence of common factors on emotional overeating was not statistically significant.Conclusion Age,gender,children′s BMIZ,average daily screen time and sleep during pregnancy have influence on children′s eating behavior.