频变阻尼减振器对机车横向动力学性能的影响研究

Influence of Frequency-selective Damper on Locomotive Lateral Dynamic Performance

轮轨车辆在轮轨接触等效锥度较小时,容易发生车体蛇行失稳;随着车轮发生磨耗,等效锥度过大又会引起转向架蛇行失稳。为提高车辆蛇行稳定性对车轮踏面处于不同磨耗阶段的适应性,提出采用频变阻尼减振器(FSD)来同时提高车体和转向架蛇行稳定性。文中介绍了FSD减振器的频变原理,通过Simulink和Simpack软件分别搭建减振器数学模型和机车动力学模型,研究频变阻尼抗蛇行和二系横向减振器对车体和构架横向加速度的影响。仿真结果表明:相比于常规的抗蛇行和二系横向减振器,频变阻尼抗蛇行和二系横向减振器均能提高机车蛇行稳定性对等效锥度的适应性。其中,频变阻尼抗蛇行减振器的改善效果更加显著,低锥度工况下车体横向加速度及高锥度工况下构架横向加速度峰值较常规减振器可以降低40%以上。

Under the condition of low wheel-rail contact conicity,the railway vehicle is prone to carbody hunting instability.With the wear of wheel,the equivalent conicity increases and excessive equivalent conicity will cause bogie hunting instability.In order to improve the adaptability of the vehicle hunting stability to the wear stage of different wheel-rail contact conditions,a frequency-selective damping damper(FSD)is proposed to improve the carbody and bogie hunting stability simultaneously.The principle of the FSD damper is introduced,the mathematical model of the FSD and the locomotive dynamics model are respectively established by Simulink and Simpack software,and the influence of frequency-selective damping yaw damper and secondary lateral damper on the carbody and frame lateral accelerations are studied.The simulation results show that,compared to conventional yaw dampers and secondary lateral dampers,the frequency-selective damping yaw damper and secondary lateral damper can improve the adaptability of locomotive hunting stability to equivalent conicity.Among them,the frequency-selective damping yaw damper improves more significantly,and the peak values of the carbody lateral acceleration under the low conicity condition and the frame lateral acceleration under high conicity condition can be reduced by more than 40% compared with conventional dampers.