发酵象草代谢组学分析及其对猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

Metabolomics Analysis of Fermented Elephant Grass and It’s Effects on the Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indicators of Pigs

【目的】全面评估发酵象草作为猪饲料的营养价值。【方法】采用气相色谱质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析发酵象草的代谢产物,并将不同水平发酵象草与木薯、鱼露组合添加到猪基础饲粮中,进行生猪喂养试验。对照组猪饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组猪分别饲喂发酵象草添加比例为0、2%、3%、4%、6%、9%的饲粮,喂养28 d。试验结束后,统计猪生长性能,检测血清生化指标。【结果】①与象草相比,发酵象草共有121个差异代谢物,主要为糖类、氨基酸类和脂肪酸类,其中92个含量上调,松三糖、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、肌醇、蛋氨酸和N-乙酰-鸟氨酸含量上调1000倍以上。发酵象草与象草共有11条代谢通路差异极显著(P<0.01)。②动物试验结果显示,与对照组相比,除Ⅱ组猪血清总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)含量显著升高外(P<0.05),其余各组血清生化指标与对照组均无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组猪血清总蛋白(TP)、TC、LDLC和白蛋白(ALB)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)含量/活性均显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。饲养试验期间,所有试验组猪腹泻率均为0。【结论】象草发酵后氨基酸类、糖类和脂类代谢产物含量明显上升,营养价值明显提升;发酵象草可替代猪部分基础饲粮,降低脂肪沉积。饲粮中添加2%发酵象草综合生产效益最佳。

【Objective】To comprehensive analysis the nutritional value of fermented elephant grass used as feed stock for pigs.【Method】Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to comparatively analysis the metabolites of fermented elephant grass.The different levels of fermented elephant grass mixed with cassava and fish sauce were added into the basal diet for pigs.Pigs in control group were fed with basal diet,in groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,ⅤandⅥwere fed with test diets supplemented by 0,2%,3%,4%,6%and 9%fermented elephant grass.The feeding period was 28 days.After the feeding experiment,the growth performance of pigs were measured,and blood was collected for measuring serum biochemical indicators.【Result】①There were 121 different metabolites in fermented elephant grass with 92 differential metabolites up-regulated.Most of them were sugars,amino acids sand fatty acids.Among them,the levels of tricose,L-aspartic acid,glutamate,inositol,methionine and N-acetyl-ornithine were increased more than 1000 times.There were 11 extremely significantly different metabolic pathways between elephant grass and fermented elephant grass(P<0.01).②There were no significant differences in serum biochemical indicators of pigs between the experimental groups and control group(P>0.05),except for the levels of total cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC)in groupⅡwhich were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05).The levels/activities of total protein(TP),TC,LDLC,albumin(ALB),alanine transaminase(ALT),triglycerides(TG),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC)in groupⅡwere significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05).In the feeding time,the diarrhea rate of pigs in all seven groups were 0.【Conclusion】The nutritional value of fermented elephant grass had been significantly enhanced with significant increases in amino acids,carbohydrates and lipids.Fermented elephant grass could partially replace the basic daily feed for pigs and significantly reduce the fat deposition in pig.Adding 2%fermented elephant grass to diet could get the best comprehensive production efficiency.