葡萄残渣的饲料化利用及其在羊生产中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on Feed Utilization of Grape Residueand and Its Application in Sheep Production

葡萄残渣是葡萄酿酒过程中的副产品,含有丰富的蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维等营养成分,及多酚类化合物、葡萄籽油、齐墩果酸和膳食纤维等活性物质,且产量大,易于收集。近些年来,为缓解中国饲料短缺问题,葡萄残渣作为一类天然的非常规饲料原料和添加剂被广泛运用到畜禽饲料生产中,不仅可以促进畜禽生长发育,提高畜禽机体健康和畜产品品质,同时还可以对农副产品资源有效开发利用,解决环境污染和资源浪费问题。但在实际生产过程中,受到葡萄产地、品种和饲料加工技术等因素限制,葡萄残渣作为饲料原料和添加剂大规模生产并投入使用受到限制。羊是中国的主要经济动物之一,近些年中国羊产业规模稳速增加,但随着玉米、豆粕等饲料原料价格持续上涨,使羊养殖成本也不断增加,开发羊用非常规饲料意义重大。因此,作者对葡萄残渣的营养成分含量、特殊活性物质及其生物学功能、饲料化利用技术方法、利用局限性以及在羊生产中的应用进行了系统性的梳理,为葡萄残渣在羊饲料中的合理开发与应用提供参考。

Grape residue is a by-product in the wine making process,rich in nutrients such as proteins,crude fat,crude fiber,and active substances such as polyphenolic compounds,grape seed oil,oleanolic acid and dietary fiber.It has a large yield and is easy to collect.In recent years,grape residue have been widely used in livestock and poultry feed production as a natural unconventional feed raw materials and additives to alleviate China’s feed shortage problem.It can not only promote the growth and development of livestock and poultry,improve their health and product quality,but also effectively develop and utilize agricultural by-products,addressing environmental pollution and resource waste issues.However,in actual production,the large-scale production and use of grape residues as feed raw materials and additives are restricted by factors such as grape origin,varieties and feed processing technology.Sheep is one of the main economic animals in China,and in recent years,the scale of China’s sheep industry have been steadily increasing.However,with the continuous rise in prices of feed raw materials such as corn and soybean meal,the cost of sheep farming has also been increasing,making the development of unconventional feed for sheep significant.Therefore,the author systematically summarizes the nutrient content of grape residue,its special active substances and biological functions,feed utilization techniques,limitations,and its application in sheep production,providing reference for the rational development and application of grape residues in sheep feed.