维柯美本质论的意义与价值

On Meaning and Value of Vico’s View of Nature of Beauty

作为美学学科的奠基人,维柯以他对人类社会史与自然史相分离和认识与实践相联系的研究开辟了实践论美学的源头。基于起源不同的各民族具有一个共同的真理基础的理论,维柯经过长期思考,赋予“各部分及其整体的和谐”新的内涵,对美的本质作了规定。维柯在对维纳斯雕像所具有的通过想象、激情、类比、隐喻等“诗性逻辑”所创造出来的艺术魅力的综合考察中归纳出美的本质理论。这个理论涵盖了人类社会共同的审美意识以及自然美、艺术美和人体美的性质,揭示了美的普遍规律和“诗性逻辑”的本质,为美学学科的创立奠定了哲学基础。文章在已有研究的基础上,通过对维柯《新科学》和前期论著中相关论述的仔细分析,运用文本细读和历史批评的方法证明了维柯美本质论的内涵和价值,发现了维柯美本质论的整体性和系统性,阐释了维柯美本质论的美学史意义,对推进维柯美学思想的研究具有一定的价值。

As the founder of aesthetics,Vico opened up the source of practical aesthetics with his research on the separation of human social history from natural history and the connection between knowledge and practice.Based on the theory that all ethnic groups with different origins have a common truth foundation and long-term thinking,Vico endowed with“the harmony of all parts and their whole”with a new connotation and defined the nature of beauty.The view of nature of beauty summarized by Vico in his comprehensive examination of artistic charm was created through“poetic logic”such as imagination,passion analogy,and metaphor in the Venus statue.This covers the nature of common aesthetic consciousness,natural beauty,artistic beauty,human beauty,revealing the universal law of beauty and the essence of“poetic logic”,and laying a philosophical foundation for aesthetics as a subject.On the basis of existing research,the article carefully analyzes the relevant discourse in The New Science and previous works,to prove the connotation and value in Vico's view of nature of beauty though close reading and historical criticism methods.It discovers the overall and systematic nature of Vico's nature of beauty,and explains the aesthetic historical significance of Vico's nature of beauty,provding research values for Vico's aesthetic views.