中华民族共同体视域下清朝“华夷观”的理论重构与实践演绎

Theoretical Reconstruction and Practice Deduction of the“Hua-yi View”from Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of the Chinese Nation as One Community

清朝为了稳固其统治,对“华夷观”进行了理论重构,认为“华夷一家”,而“华夷”的区分标准是居住地域不同。考查清朝官方文献中对“夷”字的使用情况,基本符合清朝的“华夷观”理论,但细研史料,发现清朝的“华夷观”理论与实践又存在磨合现象,主要是清朝从维护国家统一和边疆安全视域做出的考量。总体来看,清朝对“华夷观”的重构是中华民族共同体形成史上的一次理论设想与实践尝试,有利于增强中华民族的凝聚力。

Qing Dynasty conducted a theoretical reconstruction of the“Hua-yi View”in order to consolidate its rule,who believed that“Hua and Yi is a family”and that the criteria for distinguishing“Hua and yi”were based on different residential areas.According to investigating the use of the character“Yi”in official documents during Qing Dynasty period,it was generally consistent with the“Hua-yi View”theory.However,upon closer examination of historical materials,it was found that there was a phenomenon of integration between the“Hua-yi View”theory and its practice,which was made by Qing government mainly due to considerations from the perspective of maintaining national unity and border security.Overall,the reconstruction of the“Hua-yi view”by Qing government was a theoretical conception and practical attempt in the history of the formation of the Chinese National Community,which was conducive to enhancing the cohesion of the Chinese nation.