城市主干路交通隔离栏设置对驾驶人规避效应的影响

Impact of traffic separate railing on driver shy away effects at urban principal arterial road

为探究城市主干路交通隔离栏的设置对驾驶人规避效应的影响,利用无人机采集了3处设置了交通隔离栏与2处未设置交通隔离栏的主干路的车辆行驶数据、行车环境与交通量,根据车道与交通隔离栏横向距离对车道进行了分类,明确了交通隔离栏影响下的驾驶行为特性与规避效应形成机制.研究结果表明,不同车道内的轨迹偏移量存在着显著差异性,目标车道偏移中心相对频率峰值大于零,其他车道则在-0.1~0.1 m范围内波动.车道区域对轨迹偏移的影响最大,其次为相邻车道交通量、速度、标线与交通隔离栏的组合类型.交通隔离栏的设置会造成驾驶人的规避效应,减少了左偏与对向来车的冲突,从而规范了行车轨迹,控制了行车速度,在出口和入口分别减速约5.1%和19.3%.但不良的设施与标线的组合形式易引起规避效应过量而致使轨迹向右偏移过大(大于0.85 m)而侵占其他车道,增加行车风险.当交通隔离栏底座与车道边线间距大于15 cm(单边)时,规避效应所带来的影响处于最佳水平.

To investigate the influence of the setting of traffic separate railings on shy away effect of drivers at urban principal arterial roads,vehicle driving data,driving environment and traffic volume of three principal arterial roads with traffic separate railings and two without traffic separate railings were collected by UAV.Lanes were classified according to the lateral distance between the lane and the traffic separate railings,and the characteristics of driving behaviour under the influence of the traffic separate railings and the formation mechanism of the shy away effect were clarified.The results show that there is significant variability in trajectory offset within different lanes,with the peak relative frequency of the centre of offset being greater than 0 in the target lane and fluctuating within a range of-0.1 to 0.1 m in the other lanes.Lane area has the greatest influence on trajectory offset,followed by adjacent lane traffic volume,speed,and the type of combination of markings and traffic separate railings.The installation of traffic separate railings causes shy away effect of drivers and reduces the conflict between the left deviation and the oncoming traffic,thus regulating the trajectory and controlling the speed of traffic,slowing down by about 5.1%and 19.3%at the exit and entrance,respectively.However,the combination of substandard facilities and markings is prone to cause excessive shy away effects,resulting in excessive trajectory offset to the right(greater than 0.85 m)and encroachment into other lanes,increasing the risk of traffic.The impact from the shy away effect is at an optimum level when the spacing between the base of the traffic separate railing and the lane edge is greater than 15 cm(one side).