中国氢能产业的地方实践及启示

Local practices and insights of China's hydrogen energy industry

目的深入探究中国氢能产业在实现“碳达峰,碳中和”战略目标中的作用及发展路径。方法剖析了国内外氢能产业发展的现状,基于产业链稳定性视角分析了川渝地区的氢能产业实践。结果各省市正积极筹划和实施氢能发展规划,致力于覆盖全产业链,重视技术的整合与创新,促进产业的协同增长。氢能应用短期聚焦燃料电池车领域,中远期则拓展至分布式发电、热电联供等多元场景;地方政府通过补贴和奖励政策支持氢能产业,补贴聚焦于燃料电池车推广及加氢站建设运营,奖励政策则实行“以奖代补”;多地已先行制定地方性氢能基础设施审批办法,放宽制氢和加氢项目的建设要求。结论强化政策保障与体系完善,建立跨部门氢能产业协调机制,制定全国性顶层政策和探索监管沙盒制度;突破产业发展瓶颈,明确氢气安全管理与属性定义,放宽土地管理,设立专门氢能管理机构;推崇因地制宜策略,避免政策同质化,强化地方特色与顶层设计;重点在交通领域拓展氢能应用场景,并以示范项目带动广泛应用;加速全国氢能基础设施网络建设,以支撑产业发展。

Objective The role and development path of China's hydrogen energy industry in achieving the strategic goal of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"is explored in-depth.Methods The current state of domestic and international hydrogen energy industry development is analyzed,and based on the perspective of industrial chain stability,the hydrogen energy industry practices in the Sichuan-Chongqing region are examined.Results Provinces and cities are actively planning and implementing hydrogen energy development plans,with a commitment to covering the entire industry chain,emphasizing the integration and innovation of technologies,and promoting the synergistic growth of the industry.In the short term,hydrogen energy applications will focus on the field of fuel cell vehicles,while in the medium to long term,expand to diverse scenarios such as distributed power generation and combined heat and power.Local governments support the hydrogen energy industry through subsidies and incentive policies.Subsidies focus on the promotion of fuel cell vehicles and the construction and operation of hydrogen refueling stations,while incentive policies follow a"reward instead of subsidy"approach.In many regions,local hydrogen energy infrastructure approval methods have already been formulated,relaxing the construction requirements for hydrogen production and refueling projects.Conclusions It is imperative to strengthen policy guarantees and improve the system,establish a cross-departmental coordination mechanism for the hydrogen energy industry,formulate top-level policies at the national level and explore regulatory sandbox systems.Breaking through the bottlenecks in the industry's development,clarifying hydrogen gas safety management and attribute definitions,relaxing land management,and establishing dedicated hydrogen energy management institutions are crucial steps.Embracing an adaptive strategy tailored to local conditions,avoiding policy homogeneity,and strengthening local characteristics and top-level design are essential.Emphasis should be placed on expanding hydrogen energy application scenarios in the transportation sector and using demonstration projects to drive widespread application.Accelerating the construction of a nationwide hydrogen energy infrastructure network is vital to support industry development.