旁格论元引发的谓词语义句法变化——以上古汉语名源谓词的“去综合性”为例

Syntactic-Semantic Change Induced by Oblique Argument:Examples from the De-syntheticity of SyntheticVerbss“Men,Cheng,Qian”in Archaic Chinese

上古汉语名源谓词“门、城、堑”等有联系处所旁格论元和客体核心论元两种论元配置方式。这类谓词作为综合性谓词,出现于旁格论元可作处所和客体两解的结构式,经过“去综合性”的重新分析,失去词义结构内的影子论元,处所旁格论元提升为核心宾语。文章总结几种与论元成分有关的上古汉语综合性谓词的“去综合性”途径,探讨“词汇型综合”的一般性问题。

In archaic Chinese the denominal verbs"Men,Cheng,Qian"have two argument structures:taking a locative oblique argument or an objective core argument.As synthetic verbs they appear in the structures containing an oblique argument,which can be construed as both locative and objective.In this syntactic environment denominal verbs lose their shadow argument in the lexical-semantic structure through the reanalysis of"de-syntheticity"while locative oblique argumentis raised as objective core argument.This paper summarizes three argument-related methods of"de-syntheticity"of synthetic verbs.